Persian Gulf De-Salination Plants
Almost all the desalination research done on earth has benefitted from grants and/or development from these oil rich, desert-type countries (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Quatar). These countries need potable water for everyday needs just like any "First World" country: drinking water, manufacturing,irrigation, etc.
The facilities that were affected in 1964 were of the highest standard of 1964, but it could not handle the introduction of thousands of decaying bodies (of sheep) in the low circulation of the Persian Gulf. Here in the US of A, a large city in the midwest has suffered similar problems due to "organic growth" just in the past few years.
BTW, desalinated water still gets treatment like any water source for any typical city or region in the modern world.