/tmp
Swap is usually a partition type which I believe mounts to /tmp
/bin - system wide regular binaries or executable scripts
/boot - the boot related files like grub, the kernel image and such
/dev - where hardware devices are listed
/etc - system wide configuration files
/home - user home directories
/lib - system wide program related files (shared libraries and such)
/media - where removable media like USB drives seem to appear now
/mnt - where everything used to be mounted and non-removable still is
/opt - where third party software from outside the distro repository should install itself (Splunk and HP's *nix utilities behave well)
/proc - a virtual file system which is actually the insides of your running kernel (try "more /proc/version")
/root - root's home directory
/sbin - intimate system binaries
/tmp - temp directory
/usr - more localized stuff like /usr/local/bin or /usr/X11R6/
/var - variable stuff like your websites, ftp server, system logs and such
(hm.. swap fits in there somewhere though I think it ends up being a device rather than mounted storage.)
There are others but this would be the extended list based on Debian Stable though I wouldn't suggest that a new user be required to memorize the list.
For finding text, I frequently use grep if I don't know which file has what I need. I haven't really found anything that didn't match up to it's app though. munin.conf relates to Munin. munin-node.conf relates to Munin-node. httpd.conf/apache.conf/vhost-availabe* are under /etc/apache2 which relates to Apache2. But I found Debian's /etc layout greatly rational compared to Mandriva so maybe Mint is doing some funk with there's.
Most of the time, I restart services directly:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
if I don't remember a specific service name:
/etc/init.d/a[TAB] and I get a list of file names starting "a".
I don't frequently enable or disable but I'd have that command memorized if I did it more than twice in the last month.
For ending a broken GUI session, control+alt+backspace is the three finger solute for X. You'll end up back at a command line if you boot into a text login but I think X restarts if you default to a GUI login. Alt+F1 to Alt+F5 or so switch between terminals but in X, it often becomes control+alt+F1 and such. F6 to F11 or so should be X sessions and F12 is normally the console window for messages.
Instability under Wine is a little disappointing but then I've never put a lot of faith in it. I'm currently playing with some CEH practice content that comes as a shockwave .exe only which does not render nearly as nicely under WINE. Those programs may be as unstable under the gamer subscription version of WINE but maybe it's better tuned for them.
