From what I have read the little Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that plugs into your TV. It was designed to help inspire children and schools to get creative again.
It is meant to be "A BBC Micro for the 21st century"
The website says the Model A has 256Mb RAM, one USB port and no Ethernet (network connection) while the Model B has 256Mb RAM, 2 USB port and an Ethernet port.
OS options for it are apparently Fedora, Debian and ArchLinux booting from a SD card, with Debian the recommended OS
If you go to
http://www.raspberrypi.org/about you can read more about the idea behind it.
It's made by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK registered charity
(Registration Number 1129409)