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Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
(11395 results)-
Whitepapers
Multiple-Access Performance of Transmitted Reference UWB Communications With M-Ary PPM
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To increase the data rate for Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) systems, M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is used in this paper. The multiple-access performance of such systems...
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Whitepapers
Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Communications With M-ary PPM
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To increase the transmission data rate, the authors propose to use M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) for Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) systems. The performance of TR UWB...
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Whitepapers
A Multi-Band Timing Estimation and Compensation Scheme for Ultra-Wideband Communications
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An Ultra-WideBand (UWB) channel exhibits frequency dependent delay characteristics in different bands of transmission. The authors studied and quantified the differences of delay parameters over...
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Whitepapers
A Novel Chip-Level Algorithm for UWB Timing
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, a novel scheme is developed for chip-level timing in UWB communications. To accomplish the proposed algorithm, the Time Hopping (TH) code is transformed to the Spread Time Hopping...
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Whitepapers
Optimal Error Rate Performance of Binary TH-UWB Receivers in Multiuser Interference
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An exact mathematical model which explains the important characteristics of the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) in Time-Hopping UWB (TH-UWB) systems is...
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Whitepapers
Two-Dimensional Autoregressive Model for MIMO Wideband Mobile Radio Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose the multichannel Two-Dimensional (2D) Auto-Regressive (AR) model for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wideband mobile wireless channels. The parameters of...
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Whitepapers
Computing the Receive Spatial Correlation for a Multi-Cluster MIMO Channel Using Different Array Configurations
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Spatial correlation among received signals has a significant impact on the performance of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. In prior research, expressions were derived for the...
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Whitepapers
An Experimental Investigation of Wideband MIMO Channel Based on Indoor Hotspot NLOS Measurements at 2.35GHz
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, measurement data from wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel measurements at 2.35GHz are presented. Measurements were preformed in indoor hotspot scenario with No...
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Whitepapers
Maximum Likelihood Method for MIMO Mobile-To-Mobile Channel Parameter Estimation
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A three-dimensional reference model for wideband multiple-input multiple-output mobile-to-mobile channels is reviewed. To allow comparison between the proposed model and measured data, a new...
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Whitepapers
Angular-Domain Channel Model and Channel Estimation for MIMO System
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A new MIMO channel model based on angular-domain, double-directional channel model is proposed. Angular domain is a more appropriate coordinate to describe the MIMO channel, since the incoming...
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Whitepapers
Generalized Schur Decomposition-Based Two-Way Relaying for Wireless MIMO Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Deploying relay stations improves the Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) by making a Pico cell environment. Nonetheless, a critical problem associated with deploying RS is additional...
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Whitepapers
Opportunistic Relaying for Dual-Hop Wireless MIMO Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In wireless relay networks, the use of multiple antennas at both the source and destination can increase the capacity linearly with the number of antennas. In this paper, the authors investigate...
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Whitepapers
One- and Two-Way Decode-and-Forward Relaying for Wireless Multiuser MIMO Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) one- and two-way relaying protocols. Several wireless MIMO node pairs are establishing either unidirectional or...
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Whitepapers
Multi-Hop Relaying and MIMO Techniques in Cellular Systems - Throughput Achievable on Rayleigh/Ricean Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Two very important and active areas of wireless research are multi-hop relaying and multiple antenna techniques. Wireless multi-hop relaying, adopted in emerging standards such as 802.16j, can...
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Whitepapers
Cooperative Multiplexing in Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Relay Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Consider a network with one source, one destination and multiple relays. It is shown that multiplexing gains that are higher than that of the direct link are possible for any finite SNR, in such a...
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Whitepapers
Multiple Antenna Assisted Hard Versus Soft Decoding-And-Forwarding for Network Coding Aided Relaying Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose two types of new decoding algorithms for a Network Coding aided Relaying (NCR) system, which adopts multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. They...
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Whitepapers
An Improvement on LDPC Coded Queued Codes
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The queued-code based on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, which exploit both the near Shannon-limit performance LDPC codes and the instantaneous Channel State Information (CSI), can provide...
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Whitepapers
Enhanced Verification-Based Decoding for Packet-Based LDPC Codes Over Wireless Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors apply the Enhanced Verification-based decoding Algorithm (EVA) for packet-based LDPC codes over wireless channels. Compared with the Verification Algorithm (VA) in the...
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Whitepapers
Performance of Regular Low Density Parity Check Codes Over Hybrid Optical/RF Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A hybrid channel, consisting of a Free Space Optical (FSO) link and a parallel Radio Frequency (RF) link, is considered. Information bits are first encoded by a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)...
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Whitepapers
Virtual Channel Based LLR Calculation for LDPC Coded SC-FDE System in 60-GHz WPAN
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To deal with the multi-path delay spread in Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) environments, Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), a.k.a., Single-Carrier Block Transmission (SCBT), is...
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Whitepapers
Near-Capacity Iteratively Decoded Binary Self-Concatenated Code Design Using EXIT Charts
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary SElf-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID) for communicating over both...
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Whitepapers
Error Performance of Linear Dispersion Codes
October 9, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors present a study of error performance of linear dispersion codes. First, an upper bound of average error probability is derived for any signal-to-noise ratio. Based on...
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Whitepapers
A Rank Prediction Method for the Multistage Wiener Filter Used for Interference Mitigation in CDMA Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Multistage Wiener filter (MWF) is an efficient technique for interference mitigation in CDMA systems. A limitation to its implementation, however, is that poor rank selection causes...
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Whitepapers
Efficient Feasibility Examination for Successive Interference Cancellation in DS-CDMA Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
On the uplink of a DS-CDMA system, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technique can be employed to reduce multiple access interference and improve system capacity. In such a system with K...
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Whitepapers
Joint Codeword and Power Adaptation for CDMA Systems With Multipath and QoS Requirements
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors present an algorithm for joint codeword and power adaptation applicable in the uplink of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system in which multipath channels...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Data-Driven Code-Hopping for MC-CDMA Precoding Schemes
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A novel code optimization scheme is presented for the downlink of MultiCarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MCCDMA) systems employing Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation. The optimization is...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Performance of Iterative Multiuser Detection With Channel Estimation for MC-IDMA and Comparison With Chip-Interleaved MC-CDMA
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper applies iterative multiuser detection employing new channel estimation to MultiCarrier InterLeave Division Multiple Access (MC-IDMA), known as OFDM-IDMA, which is expected to improve...
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Whitepapers
Step Size Optimization for Fixed Step Closed Loop Power Control on WCDMA High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) Channel
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper evaluates fixed step algorithm of closed loop power control and investigates an optimum step size for WCDMA communication employing High Altitude Platforms (HAPs). In CDMA, power...
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Whitepapers
An Efficient Tree Search for Reduced Complexity Sphere Decoding
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The complexity of Sphere Decoding (SD) has been widely studied due to the importance of this algorithm in obtaining the optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) performance with lower complexity. In this...
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Whitepapers
K-Best Sphere Detection for the Sphere Packing Modulation Aided SDMA/OFDM Uplink
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Recently, the turbo-detected Sphere Packing (SP) aided Space-Time Block-Coding (STBC) STBC-SP scheme was demonstrated to provide useful performance improvements over conventionally-modulated...
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Whitepapers
MMSE Based Preprocessing and Its Variations for Closest Point Search
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Sphere Decoding (SD) is a category of algorithms finding the closest lattice point and known to have the expected complexity approximately cubic in the dimension of the lattice point to be...
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Whitepapers
A Maximum-Likelihood Decoder With a New Reduction Strategy for MIMO Channel Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An efficient maximum-likelihood decoder with a new reduction strategy is proposed for linear MIMO channel systems. Unlike the current reduction strategies which only reorder the columns of the...
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Whitepapers
Enhanced Soft Interference Cancellation Algorithm for V-BLAST Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors investigate soft interference cancellation algorithms for Vertical Bell laboratories LAyered Space-Time (V-BLAST) systems. By using Gaussian-forcing technique and fast...
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Whitepapers
On Optimal Power Allocation for Source-Orthogonal Relay-Non-orthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relaying
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An Amplify-and-Forward relaying network where the Source is Orthogonal to all the Relays but the relays are Non-orthogonal (SORNAF) is studied. The problem of relay power optimization in a SORNAF...
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Whitepapers
A Fair Subcarrier Allocation Algorithm for Cooperative Multiuser OFDM Systems With Grouped Users
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Dynamic resource allocation improves the performance of multiuser OFDM systems by exploiting multiuser diversity. Cooperative diversity is a technique where multiple users share their resources to...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
On Power Allocation for Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward OFDM Relay Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Multihop relay systems with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) schemes have attracted much attention in wireless communications research area,. Maximizing the performances of OFDM...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Dynamic Subchannel and Power Allocation in OFDMA-Based DF Cooperative Relay Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper focuses on subchannel and power allocation problem in OFDMA-based Decode-and-Forward (DF) cooperative relay networks. The objective of this problem is to maximize the total data rate...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Optimal Resource Allocation for Two-Way Relay-Assisted OFDMA
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper studies the optimal resource allocation problem for the relay-assisted Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple-Access (OFDMA) -based multiuser system. A new transmission protocol, named...
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Whitepapers
Power Allocation in Gaussian Interference Relay Channels Via Game Theory
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors address the power allocation problem for interference relay channels. Due to the competitive nature of the multi-user environment, they model the problem as a strategic non-cooperative...
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Whitepapers
Hierarchical Packet Scheduling for Satellite Multimedia Broadcasting: An Adaptive QoS-Aware Design
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
With the unique broadcast nature and ubiquitous coverage of satellite network, the synergy between satellite and terrestrial networks provides new opportunities for delivering wideband services to...
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Whitepapers
An Efficient Resource Management Scheme With Guaranteed QoS of Heterogeneous Services in MIMO-OFDM System
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, an efficient resource management scheme applied to heterogeneous services scenario in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO/OFDM)...
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Whitepapers
Digital Baseband Compensation of I/Q Imbalance in Mobile OFDM
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Next-generation broadband wireless systems are required to provide higher rates, better reliability, and higher user mobility while targeting lower cost, lower power consumption, and higher levels...
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Whitepapers
Reduced-Complexity ICI Mitigation for Mobile SFBC-OFDM With Application to DVB-H
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Effective Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) mitigation for MIMO-OFDM requires accurate channel estimation which is very challenging due to the large number and fast time-varying nature of the...
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Whitepapers
On the Distribution of Positioning Errors in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Simulative Comparison of Optimization Algorithms
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Recent advances in the technology of wireless electronic devices have made possible to build ad - hoc Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) using inexpensive nodes consisting of low power processors, a...
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Whitepapers
Analysis of Interference Effects in MB-OFDM UWB Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The inter-modulation and cross-modulation products of interferences introduced by nonlinearities of the receiver could significantly degrade system performance, and should be properly estimated...
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Whitepapers
Cross-Layer Multiservice Scheduling for Mobile WiMAx Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider a cross-layer scheme for the downlink multiuser Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) based...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
A Hybrid ARQ Scheme Based on Shortened Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme based on shortened low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Although conventional incremental Redundancy HARQ (IRHARQ) schemes based on punctured LDPC...
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Whitepapers
Simple Proportional Fairness Scheduling for OFDMA Frame-Based Wireless Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors propose a packet scheduling scheme called OFDMA Frame-based Proportional Fairness (OFPF) for a frame-based OFDMA wireless system. OFPF aims to maximize system throughput as well as...
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Whitepapers
The Effect of Inter-Link Dependencies on the Connectivity of Wireless Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a novel methodology for finding the network connectivity in wireless mesh networks. This methodology takes into account link dependencies in neighboring nodes. The methodology...
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Whitepapers
Vertical Handover Decision in an Enhanced Media Independent Handover Framework
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Vertical handover decision making is one of key problems in heterogeneous network environment. In IEEE 802.21 standard, a Media Independent Handover (MIH) framework is presented to facilitate...
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Whitepapers
Uplink Control Channel in E-UTRA, Radio Link and Radio Network Evaluation
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) is specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP. E-UTRA is designed to efficiently and flexibly utilize different spectrum bands supporting high physical bit...
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Whitepapers
Low Antenna Ultra Wideband Propagation Measurements and Modeling in a Forest Environment
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Over the past decade, research and development in wireless sensor networks has investigated novel and exciting applications for a number of different scenarios. Impulse Ultra WideBand (UWB)...
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Whitepapers
Multi-Path Propagation Measurements for Vehicular Networks at 5.9 GHz
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Broadband sounding of the vehicle-to-vehicle channel is reported in suburban, rural, and highway environments. A direct sequence spread spectrum waveform based on zero correlation zone sequences...
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Whitepapers
A Vehicle Collision Warning System Employing Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communications
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Road safety has become an important issue and gained much attention for many years. To avoid vehicle collisions on the roads, researchers have proposed various Collision Warning Systems (CWS)...
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Whitepapers
Joint Rate and Power Adaptation for MC-CDMA Over Tempo-Spectral Domain
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper studies the area of link adaptation for Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) radio interface and adapts the rate and transmission power jointly over temporal as well as...
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Whitepapers
Fair OFDMA Scheduling Algorithm Using Iterative Local Search With K-Opt-Switches
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) enables dynamically scheduling users on frequencies with good channel quality, exploiting multiuser diversity. Modulation levels on different...
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Whitepapers
Cell Planning for Cooperative Transmission
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Cooperative Transmission (CT) (i.e. base station cooperation, multicell transmission) techniques have been shown to theoretically increase the average and cell-edge spectral efficiencies of...
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Whitepapers
Automatic Construction of Cognitive Radio Network
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a scheme for cognitive radio network construction. Incorporating the available spectrum, cognitive radio nodes automatically construct a local area network. The active...
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Whitepapers
In-Band Sensing Without Quiet Period in Cognitive Radio
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Sensing is one of the key technologies for the implementation of cognitive radio. The usual In-band sensing is performed during quiet period to avoid the interference from the network itself. In...
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Whitepapers
Vertical Handoff Decision Scheme Using MADM for Wireless Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Wireless environment is expected to support heterogeneous wireless access technologies. The objective is the support of a diverse range of high-data rate multimedia services. The main issue in...
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Whitepapers
Link Performance of WiMAX PUSC
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Link performance of WiMAX (802.16e) downlink and uplink using Partial Usage Sub-Channelization (PUSC) is evaluated through link-level simulations. WiMAX using single transmit and two receive...
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Whitepapers
On the Time Distribution of White Space Access Opportunities
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In the future, secondary radios may exploit to use the spectrum holes (or white space) available over a given frequency band for transmission, provided the performance of the primary radio using...
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Whitepapers
An Adaptive Energy Saving Mechanism in the Wireless Packet Access Network
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The next generation wireless communication systems will be based on the "All-IP" structure and the Wireless Packet Access Network (WPAN) will have a dominant future. Mobility is one of main...
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Whitepapers
On the Deployment of Mobile Trusted Modules
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In its recently published TCG Mobile Reference Architecture, the TCG Mobile Phone Work Group specifies a new concept to enable trust into future mobile devices. For this purpose, the TCG devises a...
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Whitepapers
Hardware Impairments on LDPC Coded SC-FDE and OFDM in Multi-Gbps WPAN (IEEE 802.15.3c)
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Multi-Gbps Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) using 60-GHz is being standardized in the task group of IEEE 802.15.3c. In the PHYsical (PHY) layer design, there are two competitive...
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Whitepapers
Frequency Selective OFDMA Scheduler With Limited Feedback
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is the preferred multiple access scheme for future broadband cellular systems as it provides high spectral efficiency. The choice of OFDMA...
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Whitepapers
Orthogonalizing Transmission in MIMO With Linear Receiver and Finite MCS Set
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Multiantenna transmissions based on linear precoding have been investigated intensely both for single stream diversity transmissions and for multi-stream spatial multiplexing transmissions. When...
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Whitepapers
Service Discovery in Wireless Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper proposes an approach for service discovery in Wireless Mesh Networks called OLSR-mDNS which supports both routing and non-routing clients. Therefore, the multicast DNS (mDNS) protocol...
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Whitepapers
On the Uplink Capacity of an 802.16j System
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A multihop relay extension for IEEE 802.16e systems is the subject of ongoing standardization activities within the IEEE 802.16j Task Group. The emerging IEEE 802.16j standard enhances the 802.16e...
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Whitepapers
Ubiquitous Terminal Assisted Positioning Prototype
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Statistical terminal assisted mobile positioning is a methodology that enhances the performance of existing localization techniques, by exploiting historical measurements collected at the terminal...
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Whitepapers
Selective Relaying in Cooperative OFDM Systems: Two-Hop Random Network
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors investigate two selective relaying schemes in cooperative OFDM systems. Selective OFDMA relaying, where the relay selection is performed in a per-subcarrier manner, and...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Energy-Distortion-Authentication Optimized Resource Allocation for Secure Wireless Image Streaming
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Joint consideration of energy efficiency, multimedia quality and media authenticity has largely been overlooked in the studies of secure wireless multimedia streaming. In this paper, the authors...
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Whitepapers
Energy-Aware Co-Operative (ECO) Relay-Based Packet Transmission in Wireless Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In infrastructure wireless networks, nodes at the edge of the coverage area need to spend more energy to transmit their packets than those close to the Access Point (AP). Less energy is required...
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Whitepapers
On the Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff of Concurrent Decode-and-Forward Relaying
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff (DMT) behavior of a novel concurrent Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying cooperative diversity transmission protocol is analyzed. A two-source...
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Whitepapers
Optimal Relay Location in Multi-Hop Cellular Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Relay Stations (RSs) are usually used to enhance the signal strength for the users close to the cell boundary. However, transmission through a relay station needs two transmission phases, i.e.,...
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Whitepapers
Statistical Analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4a UWB PHY Over Multipath Channels
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper shows the application of a recently proposed statistical characterization of the Ultra-WideBand (UWB) radio channel to the standardized IEEE 802.15.4a UWB PHYsical layer (PHY). The...
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Whitepapers
DSML: Dual Signal Metrics for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In wireless sensor networks and wireless ad-hoc networks, localization systems have used diverse signal metrics such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Time Difference of Arrival...
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Whitepapers
PAMP: Power-Aware Multi-Path Routing Protocol for a Wireless Ad Hoc Network
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In a wireless ad hoc network, the limited energy of the nodes is one of major challenges. Many research works are proposed to solve this issue from various aspects. The authors' work focuses on...
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Whitepapers
An Opportunistic Scheduling Scheme With Minimum Data-Rate Guarantees for OFDMA
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors tackle the problem of providing minimum data-rate guarantees for different classes-of-service in an OFDMA-based network, while obtaining a high system throughput. Their approach is...
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Whitepapers
Frequency-Domain Link Adaptation for Wideband OFDMA Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A novel frequency-domain Mutual-Information-based Adaptive Coding and Modulation (MI-ACM) link adaptation technique has been developed in the European research project WINNER. On the link level,...
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