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Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
(11414 results)-
Whitepapers
Multiple-Access Performance of Transmitted Reference UWB Communications With M-Ary PPM
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To increase the data rate for Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) systems, M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) is used in this paper. The multiple-access performance of such systems...
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Whitepapers
Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Communications With M-ary PPM
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To increase the transmission data rate, the authors propose to use M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) for Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) systems. The performance of TR UWB...
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Whitepapers
A Multi-Band Timing Estimation and Compensation Scheme for Ultra-Wideband Communications
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An Ultra-WideBand (UWB) channel exhibits frequency dependent delay characteristics in different bands of transmission. The authors studied and quantified the differences of delay parameters over...
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Whitepapers
A Novel Chip-Level Algorithm for UWB Timing
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, a novel scheme is developed for chip-level timing in UWB communications. To accomplish the proposed algorithm, the Time Hopping (TH) code is transformed to the Spread Time Hopping...
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Whitepapers
Optimal Error Rate Performance of Binary TH-UWB Receivers in Multiuser Interference
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An exact mathematical model which explains the important characteristics of the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) in Time-Hopping UWB (TH-UWB) systems is...
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Whitepapers
Two-Dimensional Autoregressive Model for MIMO Wideband Mobile Radio Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose the multichannel Two-Dimensional (2D) Auto-Regressive (AR) model for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) wideband mobile wireless channels. The parameters of...
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Whitepapers
Computing the Receive Spatial Correlation for a Multi-Cluster MIMO Channel Using Different Array Configurations
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Spatial correlation among received signals has a significant impact on the performance of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. In prior research, expressions were derived for the...
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Whitepapers
An Experimental Investigation of Wideband MIMO Channel Based on Indoor Hotspot NLOS Measurements at 2.35GHz
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, measurement data from wideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel measurements at 2.35GHz are presented. Measurements were preformed in indoor hotspot scenario with No...
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Whitepapers
Maximum Likelihood Method for MIMO Mobile-To-Mobile Channel Parameter Estimation
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A three-dimensional reference model for wideband multiple-input multiple-output mobile-to-mobile channels is reviewed. To allow comparison between the proposed model and measured data, a new...
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Whitepapers
Angular-Domain Channel Model and Channel Estimation for MIMO System
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A new MIMO channel model based on angular-domain, double-directional channel model is proposed. Angular domain is a more appropriate coordinate to describe the MIMO channel, since the incoming...
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Whitepapers
Generalized Schur Decomposition-Based Two-Way Relaying for Wireless MIMO Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Deploying relay stations improves the Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) by making a Pico cell environment. Nonetheless, a critical problem associated with deploying RS is additional...
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Whitepapers
Opportunistic Relaying for Dual-Hop Wireless MIMO Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In wireless relay networks, the use of multiple antennas at both the source and destination can increase the capacity linearly with the number of antennas. In this paper, the authors investigate...
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Whitepapers
One- and Two-Way Decode-and-Forward Relaying for Wireless Multiuser MIMO Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose multiuser Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) one- and two-way relaying protocols. Several wireless MIMO node pairs are establishing either unidirectional or...
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Whitepapers
Multi-Hop Relaying and MIMO Techniques in Cellular Systems - Throughput Achievable on Rayleigh/Ricean Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Two very important and active areas of wireless research are multi-hop relaying and multiple antenna techniques. Wireless multi-hop relaying, adopted in emerging standards such as 802.16j, can...
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Whitepapers
Cooperative Multiplexing in Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Relay Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Consider a network with one source, one destination and multiple relays. It is shown that multiplexing gains that are higher than that of the direct link are possible for any finite SNR, in such a...
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Whitepapers
Multiple Antenna Assisted Hard Versus Soft Decoding-And-Forwarding for Network Coding Aided Relaying Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose two types of new decoding algorithms for a Network Coding aided Relaying (NCR) system, which adopts multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver. They...
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Whitepapers
An Improvement on LDPC Coded Queued Codes
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The queued-code based on Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, which exploit both the near Shannon-limit performance LDPC codes and the instantaneous Channel State Information (CSI), can provide...
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Whitepapers
Enhanced Verification-Based Decoding for Packet-Based LDPC Codes Over Wireless Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors apply the Enhanced Verification-based decoding Algorithm (EVA) for packet-based LDPC codes over wireless channels. Compared with the Verification Algorithm (VA) in the...
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Whitepapers
Performance of Regular Low Density Parity Check Codes Over Hybrid Optical/RF Channels
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A hybrid channel, consisting of a Free Space Optical (FSO) link and a parallel Radio Frequency (RF) link, is considered. Information bits are first encoded by a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)...
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Whitepapers
Virtual Channel Based LLR Calculation for LDPC Coded SC-FDE System in 60-GHz WPAN
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
To deal with the multi-path delay spread in Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) environments, Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), a.k.a., Single-Carrier Block Transmission (SCBT), is...
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Whitepapers
Near-Capacity Iteratively Decoded Binary Self-Concatenated Code Design Using EXIT Charts
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary SElf-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID) for communicating over both...
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Whitepapers
Error Performance of Linear Dispersion Codes
October 9, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors present a study of error performance of linear dispersion codes. First, an upper bound of average error probability is derived for any signal-to-noise ratio. Based on...
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Whitepapers
A Rank Prediction Method for the Multistage Wiener Filter Used for Interference Mitigation in CDMA Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Multistage Wiener filter (MWF) is an efficient technique for interference mitigation in CDMA systems. A limitation to its implementation, however, is that poor rank selection causes...
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Whitepapers
Efficient Feasibility Examination for Successive Interference Cancellation in DS-CDMA Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
On the uplink of a DS-CDMA system, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technique can be employed to reduce multiple access interference and improve system capacity. In such a system with K...
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Whitepapers
Joint Codeword and Power Adaptation for CDMA Systems With Multipath and QoS Requirements
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors present an algorithm for joint codeword and power adaptation applicable in the uplink of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system in which multipath channels...
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Whitepapers
Data-Driven Code-Hopping for MC-CDMA Precoding Schemes
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A novel code optimization scheme is presented for the downlink of MultiCarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MCCDMA) systems employing Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation. The optimization is...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Performance of Iterative Multiuser Detection With Channel Estimation for MC-IDMA and Comparison With Chip-Interleaved MC-CDMA
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper applies iterative multiuser detection employing new channel estimation to MultiCarrier InterLeave Division Multiple Access (MC-IDMA), known as OFDM-IDMA, which is expected to improve...
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Whitepapers
Step Size Optimization for Fixed Step Closed Loop Power Control on WCDMA High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) Channel
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper evaluates fixed step algorithm of closed loop power control and investigates an optimum step size for WCDMA communication employing High Altitude Platforms (HAPs). In CDMA, power...
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Whitepapers
An Efficient Tree Search for Reduced Complexity Sphere Decoding
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The complexity of Sphere Decoding (SD) has been widely studied due to the importance of this algorithm in obtaining the optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) performance with lower complexity. In this...
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Whitepapers
K-Best Sphere Detection for the Sphere Packing Modulation Aided SDMA/OFDM Uplink
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Recently, the turbo-detected Sphere Packing (SP) aided Space-Time Block-Coding (STBC) STBC-SP scheme was demonstrated to provide useful performance improvements over conventionally-modulated...
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Whitepapers
MMSE Based Preprocessing and Its Variations for Closest Point Search
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Sphere Decoding (SD) is a category of algorithms finding the closest lattice point and known to have the expected complexity approximately cubic in the dimension of the lattice point to be...
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Whitepapers
A Maximum-Likelihood Decoder With a New Reduction Strategy for MIMO Channel Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An efficient maximum-likelihood decoder with a new reduction strategy is proposed for linear MIMO channel systems. Unlike the current reduction strategies which only reorder the columns of the...
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Whitepapers
Enhanced Soft Interference Cancellation Algorithm for V-BLAST Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors investigate soft interference cancellation algorithms for Vertical Bell laboratories LAyered Space-Time (V-BLAST) systems. By using Gaussian-forcing technique and fast...
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Whitepapers
On Optimal Power Allocation for Source-Orthogonal Relay-Non-orthogonal Amplify-and-Forward Relaying
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
An Amplify-and-Forward relaying network where the Source is Orthogonal to all the Relays but the relays are Non-orthogonal (SORNAF) is studied. The problem of relay power optimization in a SORNAF...
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Whitepapers
A Fair Subcarrier Allocation Algorithm for Cooperative Multiuser OFDM Systems With Grouped Users
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Dynamic resource allocation improves the performance of multiuser OFDM systems by exploiting multiuser diversity. Cooperative diversity is a technique where multiple users share their resources to...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
On Power Allocation for Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward OFDM Relay Systems
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Multihop relay systems with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) schemes have attracted much attention in wireless communications research area,. Maximizing the performances of OFDM...
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Whitepapers
Dynamic Subchannel and Power Allocation in OFDMA-Based DF Cooperative Relay Networks
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper focuses on subchannel and power allocation problem in OFDMA-based Decode-and-Forward (DF) cooperative relay networks. The objective of this problem is to maximize the total data rate...
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Whitepapers
Optimal Resource Allocation for Two-Way Relay-Assisted OFDMA
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper studies the optimal resource allocation problem for the relay-assisted Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple-Access (OFDMA) -based multiuser system. A new transmission protocol, named...
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Whitepapers
Power Allocation in Gaussian Interference Relay Channels Via Game Theory
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors address the power allocation problem for interference relay channels. Due to the competitive nature of the multi-user environment, they model the problem as a strategic non-cooperative...
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Whitepapers
Hierarchical Packet Scheduling for Satellite Multimedia Broadcasting: An Adaptive QoS-Aware Design
October 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
With the unique broadcast nature and ubiquitous coverage of satellite network, the synergy between satellite and terrestrial networks provides new opportunities for delivering wideband services to...
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Whitepapers
Capacity Study of Vehicle-to-Roadside MIMO Channels With a Line-of-Sight Component
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the performance of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system is assessed in the case of vehicle-to-roadside communications. The authors investigate a Line-of-Sight (LoS)...
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Whitepapers
Achievable Rates for the Three User Cooperative Multiple Access Channel
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
For a three user Gaussian Multiple Access Channel (MAC), the authors propose a new superposition block Markov encoding based cooperation scheme. Their scheme allows the three users to...
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Whitepapers
Modeling User Churning Behavior in Wireless Networks Using Evolutionary Game Theory
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Churning of mobile users from one service provider to another is expected to become a common feature when the mobile users have freedom to choose the best wireless service. This churning behavior...
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Whitepapers
A Novel Dynamic Directional Cell Breathing Mechanism With Rate Adaptation for Congestion Control in WCDMA Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In future cellular networks, random users' mobility as well as time-varying multimedia traffic activity make cellular networks design a challenging task. To efficiently utilize the limited...
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Whitepapers
Enhancements to Linear Least Squares Localization Through Reference Selection and ML Estimation
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Linear Least Squares (LLS) estimation is a low complexity but sub-optimum method for estimating the location of a Mobile Terminal (MT) from some distance measurements. It requires selecting one of...
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Whitepapers
Aisle Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Mobility in ad hoc networks causes routes to break disrupting traffic flows and triggering additional routing overhead. The authors address this problem with a novel hybrid routing protocol, Aisle...
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Whitepapers
Exploiting Phase Noise Properties in the Design of MIMO-OFDM Receivers
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Phase Noise (PN) is a serious challenge for multicarrier systems as it can drastically decrease the system performance. In order to tackle this problem, recent contributions propose iterative...
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Whitepapers
Exploiting Historical Spectrum Occupancy Information for Adaptive Spectrum Sensing
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
At present wireless devices are able to select their working frequency only to a limited extend although several measurements have shown that the current spectrum regulations are inefficient....
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Whitepapers
A Framework of Cross-Layer Superposition Coded Multicast for Robust IPTV Services Over WiMAX
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A Cross-Layer Design (CLD) framework for robust and efficient video multicasting over IEEE 802.16 (or WiMAX) is introduced. In the framework, multiple description coding on scalable video...
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Whitepapers
Replacement of Spectrum Sensing and Avoidance of Hidden Terminal for Cognitive Radio
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Cognitive radio technique has been recently proposed as a novel approach for improving the utilization of the precious limited radio resources, by letting secondary users access primary users'...
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Whitepapers
Broadcast Routing and Channel Selection in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In multi-radio wireless mesh networks, each node can be equipped with multiple network interface cards tuned to different channels. In this paper, the authors present a routing and channel...
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Whitepapers
Throughput of Distributed Cyclic Delay Diversity MC-CDMA Relaying Over Nakagami-M Fading Channels
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Distributed Cyclic Delay Diversity (DCDD) multistage MC-CDMA system communication system is shown to yield superior performance over traditional link network. The benefits provided by increased...
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Whitepapers
Heuristics for Jointly Optimizing FEC and ARQ for Video Streaming Over IEEE 802.11 WLAN
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the problem of selecting an appropriate number of Forward Error Correction (FEC) packets under given channel and network conditions is formulated as an optimization problem and two...
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Whitepapers
Decoding With Early Termination for Rateless (Luby Transform) Codes
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Fountain codes have recently gained wide attention in communications due to their capacity-approaching performance and rateless properties that allow them to seamlessly adapt to unknown channel...
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Whitepapers
Iterative Receiver for MIMO-OFDM Systems With Joint ICI Cancellation and Channel Estimation
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In MIMO-OFDM systems, the time-varying fading of channel can destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers. This causes serious Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI), thus leading to significant system...
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Whitepapers
Mobility-Aware Multi-Path Forwarding Scheme for Wireless Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Localized mobility management is critical to achieve low handoff delay and signaling cost. However, the existing solutions may not be suitable for emerging Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), which are...
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Whitepapers
Potential of Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) and Spatial Diversity in Future Broadband OFDM Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) is an efficient coding scheme without rate loss. The combination of robust and spectrally efficient Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with CDM...
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Whitepapers
Advanced Spectrum Management in Multicell OFDMA Networks Enabling Cognitive Radio Usage
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The regulatory perspective on how the spectrum should be allocated and utilized in future wireless scenarios is evolving towards a cautious introduction of more flexibility in spectrum management...
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Whitepapers
Virtual Flow Queueing for Improving TCP Performance Over IEEE 802.11 WLANs
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors propose a packet scheduling discipline called Virtual Flow Queueing (VFQ) to improve the end-to-end performance of TCP connections over IEEE 802.11 WLANs. VFQ is based on an...
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Whitepapers
Combining TLS and TPMs to Achieve Device and User Authentication for Wi-Fi and WiMAX Citywide Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Deploying large-scale wireless citywide networks with strong authentication mechanisms has received considerable interest in industry and academic circles. In this paper, the authors present...
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Whitepapers
ABC2: A New Approach to Seamless Mobility Using Cellular Networks and WLANs
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Although the widespread deployment of cellular networks guarantees mobility in large ranges, it cannot completely support multimedia data. Similarly, although the explosive growth of WLANs...
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Whitepapers
Simultaneous Handover Support for Mobile Networks on Vehicles
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
With high mobility rates of vehicles, there may be frequent occurrences of simultaneous handover. The authors' work focuses on and straightens out the problems resulting from simultaneous handover...
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Whitepapers
IETT: A Quality Routing Metric for Multi-Rate Multi-Hop Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Routing metrics are critical to select a path that yields a high throughput in multi-rate multi-hop wireless networks. This paper illustrates the weaknesses of existing routing metrics and...
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Whitepapers
Downlink VoIP Support for Evolved UTRA
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents the design of VoIP optimized packet scheduler and performance simulations for supporting voice services over downlink Evolved UTRA. An efficient packet scheduler taking into...
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Whitepapers
Traffic Pattern Prediction and Performance Investigation for Cognitive Radio Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors propose a technique for predicting the traffic pattern of primary users in cognitive radio systems. Cognitive radios enable sharing the frequency bands that are licensed...
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Whitepapers
Content-Aware ARQ for H.264 Streaming in UTRAN
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The UMTS architecture is expected to contribute to the success of video services. Its introduction has allowed packet-based video streaming to mobile devices to become a reality, leading video...
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Whitepapers
Capacity Estimation for IEEE 802.16 Wireless Multi-Hop Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
For a given multi-hop route in an IEEE 802.16 mesh network, the authors are interested in finding its end-to-end capacity so that admission control can be performed. The end-to-end capacity is...
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Whitepapers
An Efficient Resource Management Scheme With Guaranteed QoS of Heterogeneous Services in MIMO-OFDM System
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, an efficient resource management scheme applied to heterogeneous services scenario in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output/Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO/OFDM)...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Digital Baseband Compensation of I/Q Imbalance in Mobile OFDM
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Next-generation broadband wireless systems are required to provide higher rates, better reliability, and higher user mobility while targeting lower cost, lower power consumption, and higher levels...
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Whitepapers
Reduced-Complexity ICI Mitigation for Mobile SFBC-OFDM With Application to DVB-H
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Effective Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) mitigation for MIMO-OFDM requires accurate channel estimation which is very challenging due to the large number and fast time-varying nature of the...
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Whitepapers
On the Distribution of Positioning Errors in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Simulative Comparison of Optimization Algorithms
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Recent advances in the technology of wireless electronic devices have made possible to build ad - hoc Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) using inexpensive nodes consisting of low power processors, a...
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Whitepapers
Analysis of Interference Effects in MB-OFDM UWB Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The inter-modulation and cross-modulation products of interferences introduced by nonlinearities of the receiver could significantly degrade system performance, and should be properly estimated...
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Whitepapers
Cross-Layer Multiservice Scheduling for Mobile WiMAx Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider a cross-layer scheme for the downlink multiuser Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) based...
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Whitepapers
A Hybrid ARQ Scheme Based on Shortened Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme based on shortened low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Although conventional incremental Redundancy HARQ (IRHARQ) schemes based on punctured LDPC...
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Whitepapers
Simple Proportional Fairness Scheduling for OFDMA Frame-Based Wireless Systems
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors propose a packet scheduling scheme called OFDMA Frame-based Proportional Fairness (OFPF) for a frame-based OFDMA wireless system. OFPF aims to maximize system throughput as well as...
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Whitepapers
The Effect of Inter-Link Dependencies on the Connectivity of Wireless Mesh Networks
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a novel methodology for finding the network connectivity in wireless mesh networks. This methodology takes into account link dependencies in neighboring nodes. The methodology...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Vertical Handover Decision in an Enhanced Media Independent Handover Framework
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Vertical handover decision making is one of key problems in heterogeneous network environment. In IEEE 802.21 standard, a Media Independent Handover (MIH) framework is presented to facilitate...
Provided by Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers
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Whitepapers
Uplink Control Channel in E-UTRA, Radio Link and Radio Network Evaluation
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) is specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP. E-UTRA is designed to efficiently and flexibly utilize different spectrum bands supporting high physical bit...
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Whitepapers
Low Antenna Ultra Wideband Propagation Measurements and Modeling in a Forest Environment
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Over the past decade, research and development in wireless sensor networks has investigated novel and exciting applications for a number of different scenarios. Impulse Ultra WideBand (UWB)...
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Whitepapers
Multi-Path Propagation Measurements for Vehicular Networks at 5.9 GHz
March 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Broadband sounding of the vehicle-to-vehicle channel is reported in suburban, rural, and highway environments. A direct sequence spread spectrum waveform based on zero correlation zone sequences...
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