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Microsoft Research
(60 results)-
White Papers
Measure Transformer Semantics for Bayesian Machine Learning
January 3, 2011, 12:00am PST
The Bayesian approach to machine learning amounts to inferring posterior distributions of random variables from a probabilistic model of how the variables are related (that is, a prior...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Guiding a General-Purpose C Verifier to Prove Cryptographic Protocols
February 18, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors describe, for the first time, how to verify security properties of C code for cryptographic protocols by using a general-purpose verifier. The authors prove security theorems in the...
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White Papers
Extracting and Verifying Cryptographic Models From C Protocol Code by Symbolic Execution
February 24, 2011, 12:00am PST
Consider the problem of verifying security properties of a cryptographic protocol coded in C. The authors propose an automatic solution that needs neither a pre-existing protocol description nor...
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White Papers
Differentially Private Billing with Rebates
April 12, 2011, 12:00am PDT
A number of established and novel business models are based on fine grained billing, including pay-per-view, mobile messaging, voice calls, pay-as-you-drive insurance, smart metering for utility...
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White Papers
Structured Encryption and Controlled Disclosure
January 2, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors consider the problem of encrypting structured data (e.g., a web graph or a social network) in such a way that it can be efficiently and privately queried. For this purpose, they...
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White Papers
Glasnost: Enabling End Users to Detect Traffic Differentiation
March 3, 2010, 12:00am PST
A confluence of technical, business, and political interests has made "Network neutrality" a hot button issue. The debate revolves around whether and to what extent Internet Service Providers...
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White Papers
Database Access Control & Privacy: Is There A Common Ground?
January 12, 2011, 12:00am PST
Data privacy issues are increasingly becoming important for many applications. Traditionally, research in the database community in the area of data security can be broadly classified into access...
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White Papers
Data Externality
January 12, 2011, 12:00am PST
In economics, an externality is an indirect effect of consumption or production activity on agents other than the originator of such activity. The authors observe that internet is enabling the...
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White Papers
DBrev: Dreaming of a Database Revolution
January 12, 2011, 12:00am PST
The database community has provided excellent frameworks for efficient querying and online transaction or analytical processing. The main assumption underlying most of these frameworks is that...
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White Papers
xJS: Practical XSS Prevention for Web Application Development
May 12, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors present xJS, a practical framework for preventing code-injections in the web environment and thus assisting for the development of XSS-free web applications. xJS aims on being fast,...
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White Papers
A Domain Transformation for Structure-Preserving Signatures on Group Elements
June 23, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors present a generic transformation that allows one to use a large class of pairing-based signatures to construct schemes for signing group elements in a structure preserving way. As a...
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White Papers
Collusion-Resistant Obfuscation and Functional Re-Encryption
June 21, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Program obfuscation is the problem of transforming a program into one which is functionally equivalent, yet whose inner workings are completely unintelligible to an adversary. Despite its immense...
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White Papers
Boosted Multi-Task Learning for Face Verification With Applications to Web Image and Video Search
March 25, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Face verification has many potential applications including filtering and ranking image/video search results on celebrities. Since these images/videos are taken under uncontrolled environments,...
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White Papers
Real-Time Human Pose Recognition in Parts From Single Depth Images
March 28, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors propose a new method to quickly and accurately predict 3D positions of body joints from a single depth image, using no temporal information. They take an object recognition approach,...
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White Papers
Collaborative Personalization of Image Enhancement
March 29, 2011, 12:00am PDT
While most existing enhancement tools for photographs have universal auto-enhancement functionality, recent research shows that users can have personalized preferences. In this paper, the authors...
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White Papers
Information Flow in Credential Systems
May 20, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper proposes a systematic study of information flow in credential-based declarative authorization policies. It argues that a treatment in terms of information flow is needed to adequately...
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White Papers
Specification and Analysis of Dynamic Authorisation Policies
July 2, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a language, based on transaction logic, for specifying dynamic authorisation policies, i.e., rules governing actions that may depend on and update the authorisation state. The...
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White Papers
DKAL: Distributed-Knowledge Authorization Language
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
DKAL is a new declarative authorization language for distributed systems. It is based on existential fixed-point logic and is considerably more expressive than existing authorization languages in...
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White Papers
SecPAL: Design and Semantics of a Decentralized Authorization Language
January 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
The authors present a declarative authorization language. Policies and credentials are expressed using predicates defined by logical clauses, in the style of constraint logic programming. Access...
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White Papers
Affine Pairings on ARM
May 16, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Pairings on elliptic curves are being used in an increasing number of cryptographic applications on many different devices and platforms, but few performance numbers for cryptographic pairings...
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White Papers
Refactoring Human Roles Solves Systems Problems
May 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Several persistent problems in system administration, deployment, configuration, and usability stem from a common root: the conflation of roles between developers, users, hardware wranglers, and...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Effective Data-Race Detection for the Kernel
September 23, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Data-races are an important class of concurrency errors where two threads erroneously access a shared memory location without appropriate synchronization. This paper presents DataCollider, a...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Pasture: Secure Offline Data Access Using Commodity Trusted Hardware
September 21, 2012, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents Pasture, a secure messaging and logging library that enables rich mobile experiences by providing secure offline data access. Without trusting users, applications, operating...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
On the Impossibility of Sender-Deniable Public Key Encryption
December 26, 2012, 12:00am PST
Recently, several open questions regarding the feasibility of deniable encryption have been resolved. A fundamental remaining open question is, whether it is possible to construct sender-deniable...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
On The (In)Security of Fischlin's Paradigm
December 24, 2012, 12:00am PST
The Fiat-Shamir paradigm was proposed as a way to remove interaction from 3-round proof of knowledge protocols and derive secure signature schemes. This generic transformation leads to very...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Non Observability in the Random Oracle Model
December 19, 2012, 12:00am PST
The Random Oracle Model, introduced by Bellare and Rogaway, provides a method to heuristically argue about the security of cryptographic primitives and protocols. The basis of this heuristic is...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Two is Greater than One
December 16, 2012, 12:00am PST
Since its invention in the 1980's, elliptic curve cryptography has become a popular and standardized approach to instantiate public-key cryptography. In this paper, the authors highlight the...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Salus: A System for Server-Aided Secure Function Evaluation
September 13, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Secure Function Evaluation (SFE) allows a set of mutually distrustful parties to evaluate a function of their joint inputs without revealing their inputs to each other. SFE has been the focus of...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption
September 7, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) allows a client to encrypt its data in such a way that this data can still be searched. The most immediate application of SSE is to cloud storage, where it...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Succinct Malleable NIZKs and an Application to Compact Shuffles
September 1, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Depending on the application, malleability in cryptography can be viewed as either a flaw or - especially if sufficiently understood and restricted - a feature. In this vein, Chase, Kohlweiss,...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Privacy Amplification with Asymptotically Optimal Entropy Loss
August 30, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors study the problem of "Privacy amplification": key agreement between two parties who both know a weak secret w, such as a password. (Such a setting is ubiquitous on the internet, where...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Improved CRT Algorithm for Class Polynomials in Genus 2
August 7, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors present a generalization to genus 2 of the probabilistic algorithm in Sutherland for computing Hilbert class polynomials. The improvement over the algorithm presented for the genus 2...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Securing Circuits Against Constant-Rate Tampering
June 28, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors present a compiler that converts any circuit into one that remains secure even if a constant fraction of its wires are tampered with. Following the seminal work of Ishai et al....
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Achieving Constant Round Leakage-Resilient Zero-Knowledge
June 27, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The concept of zero-knowledge interactive proofs, originating in the seminal work of Goldwasser, Micali, and Rackoff, is a fundamental concept in theoretical cryptography. Recently there has been...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
ML Confidential: Machine Learning on Encrypted Data
December 26, 2012, 12:00am PST
The authors demonstrate that, by using a recently proposed leveled homomorphic encryption scheme, it is possible to delegate the execution of a machine learning algorithm to a computing service...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Concurrent Zero Knowledge in the Bounded Player Model
September 1, 2012, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors put forward the Bounded Player Model for secure computation. In this new model, the number of players that will ever be involved in secure computations is bounded, but...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Almost-Everywhere Secure Computation with Edge Corruptions
April 23, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) in a setting where the adversary can separately corrupt not only the parties (nodes) but also the communication channels (edges), and can...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Analyzing the Aggregate Download Bandwidths in Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming Systems
October 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In a Peer-To-Peer (P2P) live streaming system, the streaming quality of an end user is much affected by the aggregate download bandwidth from the partners. In this paper, the authors propose a...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
The Data Furnace: Heating Up With Cloud Computing
May 17, 2011, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors argue that servers can be sent to homes and office buildings and used as a primary heat source. They call this approach the Data Furnace or DF. Data Furances have three...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Dyson: An Architecture for Extensible Wireless LANs
April 29, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Dyson is new software architecture for building customizable WLANs. While research in wireless networks has made great strides, these advancements have not seen the light of day in real WLAN...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Analyzing the Aggregate Download Bandwidths in Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming Systems
October 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In a Peer-To-Peer (P2P) live streaming system, the streaming quality of an end user is much affected by the aggregate download bandwidth from the partners. In this paper, the authors propose a...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Almost-Everywhere Secure Computation with Edge Corruptions
April 23, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) in a setting where the adversary can separately corrupt not only the parties (nodes) but also the communication channels (edges), and can...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Concurrent Zero Knowledge in the Bounded Player Model
September 1, 2012, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors put forward the Bounded Player Model for secure computation. In this new model, the number of players that will ever be involved in secure computations is bounded, but...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
ML Confidential: Machine Learning on Encrypted Data
December 26, 2012, 12:00am PST
The authors demonstrate that, by using a recently proposed leveled homomorphic encryption scheme, it is possible to delegate the execution of a machine learning algorithm to a computing service...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Achieving Constant Round Leakage-Resilient Zero-Knowledge
June 27, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The concept of zero-knowledge interactive proofs, originating in the seminal work of Goldwasser, Micali, and Rackoff, is a fundamental concept in theoretical cryptography. Recently there has been...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Securing Circuits Against Constant-Rate Tampering
June 28, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors present a compiler that converts any circuit into one that remains secure even if a constant fraction of its wires are tampered with. Following the seminal work of Ishai et al....
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Improved CRT Algorithm for Class Polynomials in Genus 2
August 7, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors present a generalization to genus 2 of the probabilistic algorithm in Sutherland for computing Hilbert class polynomials. The improvement over the algorithm presented for the genus 2...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Privacy Amplification with Asymptotically Optimal Entropy Loss
August 30, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors study the problem of "Privacy amplification": key agreement between two parties who both know a weak secret w, such as a password. (Such a setting is ubiquitous on the internet, where...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Succinct Malleable NIZKs and an Application to Compact Shuffles
September 1, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Depending on the application, malleability in cryptography can be viewed as either a flaw or - especially if sufficiently understood and restricted - a feature. In this vein, Chase, Kohlweiss,...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption
September 7, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) allows a client to encrypt its data in such a way that this data can still be searched. The most immediate application of SSE is to cloud storage, where it...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Salus: A System for Server-Aided Secure Function Evaluation
September 13, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Secure Function Evaluation (SFE) allows a set of mutually distrustful parties to evaluate a function of their joint inputs without revealing their inputs to each other. SFE has been the focus of...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Two is Greater than One
December 16, 2012, 12:00am PST
Since its invention in the 1980's, elliptic curve cryptography has become a popular and standardized approach to instantiate public-key cryptography. In this paper, the authors highlight the...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Non Observability in the Random Oracle Model
December 19, 2012, 12:00am PST
The Random Oracle Model, introduced by Bellare and Rogaway, provides a method to heuristically argue about the security of cryptographic primitives and protocols. The basis of this heuristic is...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
On The (In)Security of Fischlin's Paradigm
December 24, 2012, 12:00am PST
The Fiat-Shamir paradigm was proposed as a way to remove interaction from 3-round proof of knowledge protocols and derive secure signature schemes. This generic transformation leads to very...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
On the Impossibility of Sender-Deniable Public Key Encryption
December 26, 2012, 12:00am PST
Recently, several open questions regarding the feasibility of deniable encryption have been resolved. A fundamental remaining open question is, whether it is possible to construct sender-deniable...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
Pasture: Secure Offline Data Access Using Commodity Trusted Hardware
September 21, 2012, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents Pasture, a secure messaging and logging library that enables rich mobile experiences by providing secure offline data access. Without trusting users, applications, operating...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
Whitepapers
RAMCube: Exploiting Network Proximity for RAM-Based Key-Value Store
May 18, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Disk-based storage is becoming increasingly problematic in meeting the needs of large-scale cloud applications. Recently RAM-based storage is proposed by aggregating the RAM of thousands of...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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Whitepapers
Gecko: A Contention-Oblivious Design for Cloud Storage
May 11, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Disk contention is a fact of life in modern data centers, with multiple applications sharing the storage resources of a single physical machine. Log-structured storage designs are ideally suited...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
A Parameterizable Processor Architecture for Large Characteristic Pairing-Based Cryptography
June 16, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Cryptographic pairing (bilinear mapping) is a core algorithm for various cryptography protocols. It is computationally expensive and inefficiently computed with general purpose processors....
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Optimizing Data Partitioning for Data-Parallel Computing
April 13, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Performance of data-parallel computing (e.g., MapReduce, DryadLINQ) heavily depends on its data partitions. Solutions implemented by the current state of the art systems are far from optimal....
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Context-Based Online Configuration-Error Detection
April 28, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Software failures due to configuration errors are commonplace as computer systems continue to grow larger and more complex. Troubleshooting these configuration errors is a major administration...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Scalable Shape Analysis for Systems Code
April 21, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Pointer safety faults in device drivers are one of the leading causes of crashes in operating systems code. In principle, shape analysis tools can be used to prove the absence of this type of...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Bicliques for Permutations: Collision and Preimage Attacks in Stronger Settings
March 15, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The authors extend and improve biclique attacks, which were recently introduced for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers and hash functions. While previous attacks required a primitive to have a key...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Near-Linear Unconditionally-Secure Multiparty Computation With a Dishonest Minority
November 21, 2011, 12:00am PST
Secure MultiParty Computation (MPC) allows a set of n players to compute any public function, given as an arithmetic circuit, on private inputs, so that privacy of the inputs as well as...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
What You See Is What They Get Protecting Users From Unwanted Use of Microphones, Cameras, and Other Sensors
May 3, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Sensors such as cameras and microphones collect privacy-sensitive data streams without the user's explicit action. Conventional sensor access policies either hassle users to grant applications...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Towards Enforceable Data-Driven Privacy Policies
May 11, 2011, 12:00am PDT
A defining characteristic of current web applications is that they are personalized according to the interests and preferences of individual users; popular examples are Google News and Amazon.com....
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
CPR: Composable Performance Regression for Scalable Multiprocessor Models
September 2, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Uniprocessor simulators track resource utilization cycle by cycle to estimate performance. Multiprocessor simulators, however, must account for synchronization events that increase the cost of...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
An Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP Technology
January 1, 2012, 12:00am PST
Data warehousing and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) are essential elements of decision support, which has increasingly become a focus of the database industry. Many commercial products and...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Everest: Scaling Down Peak Loads Through I/O Off-Loading
October 7, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Bursts in data center workloads are a real problem for storage subsystems. Data volumes can experience peak I/O request rates that are over an order of magnitude higher than average load. This...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
DirCast: A Practical and Efficient Wi-Fi Multicast System
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
IP multicast applications such as live lecture broadcasts are being increasingly used in enterprise and campus networks. In many cases, end hosts access these multicast streams using Wi-Fi...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Towards Unified Management of Networked Services in Wired and Wireless Enterprise Networks
December 17, 2008, 12:00am PST
Organizations world-wide are adopting wireless networks at an impressive rate, and a new industry has sprung up to provide tools to manage these networks. Unfortunately, these tools do not...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Efficiency and Fairness in Distributed Wireless Networks Through Self-Interference Cancellation and Scheduling
March 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Handling interference is one of the major challenges in the design of multi-user distributed wireless systems. In current systems, interference is managed through carrier sensing mechanisms such...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Rethinking Indoor Wireless: Low Power, Low Frequency, Full-Duplex
October 22, 2009, 12:00am PDT
One of the largest market segments for wireless are indoor wireless networks (e.g. home networks and enterprise networks). In such networks connectivity is limited both by physical obstacles and...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Secure-TWS: Authenticating Node to Multi-User Communication in Shared Sensor Networks
April 11, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Recent works have shown the usefulness of network and application layer protocols that connect low power sensor nodes directly to multiple applications and users on the Internet. The authors...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Latent Fault Detection in Cloud Services
July 13, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Large scale internet cloud services comprising of thou-sands of computers are ubiquitous. With so many machines, it is not reasonable to assume that all of them are working properly and are well...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
SenseLess: A Database-Driven White Spaces Network
March 11, 2011, 12:00am PST
The most recent FCC ruling proposes relying on a database of incumbents as the primary means of determining white space availability at any White Spaces Device (WSD). While the ruling provides...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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White Papers
Dyson: An Architecture for Extensible Wireless LANs
April 29, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Dyson is new software architecture for building customizable WLANs. While research in wireless networks has made great strides, these advancements have not seen the light of day in real WLAN...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
White Papers
The Data Furnace: Heating Up With Cloud Computing
May 17, 2011, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors argue that servers can be sent to homes and office buildings and used as a primary heat source. They call this approach the Data Furnace or DF. Data Furances have three...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
White Papers
Effective Data-Race Detection for the Kernel
September 23, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Data-races are an important class of concurrency errors where two threads erroneously access a shared memory location without appropriate synchronization. This paper presents DataCollider, a...
Provided by Microsoft Research
-
White Papers
Refactoring Human Roles Solves Systems Problems
May 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Several persistent problems in system administration, deployment, configuration, and usability stem from a common root: the conflation of roles between developers, users, hardware wranglers, and...
Provided by Microsoft Research
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