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The World Bank
(132 results)-
White Papers
Regulating and Overseeing Mobile Payments: A Payment Systems Perspective
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
The Payment System Development Group is at the center of an international network, whose main objective is supporting countries to reform Payments, Remittances and Securities Settlement Systems. A...
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White Papers
Finance And Economic Opportunity
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper discusses the theory of how financial markets influence economic opportunity and reviews recent empirical work on the relation between formal financial systems and poverty, income...
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White Papers
Banking Structures And Financial Stability
March 21, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Under the traditional "Competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking....
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White Papers
Toward A Switchover Of Locomotives In The Global Economy
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The recovery in advanced economies is now exhibiting several signs of fragility and the medium-term growth prospects for these economies also look difficult. Could developing economies "Switch...
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White Papers
Rebalancing, Growth, And Development In A Multipolar Global Economy
May 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Reduction of large and persistent external imbalances is currently a key focus of G-20 discussions. The paper argues that in a progressively multipolar world economy, the goals of global...
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White Papers
Remittances And The Global Financial Crisis
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Migrant remittances are an important source of external finance for developing countries. The current financial crisis is believed to have influenced migrant remittance flows as well as volume and...
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White Papers
Growth Poles And Multipolarity
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper develops an empirical measure of growth poles and uses it to examine the phenomenon of multipolarity. The authors formally define several alternative measures, provide theoretical...
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White Papers
Saving And Growth In Egypt
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper illustrates the mechanisms linking national saving and economic growth, with the purpose of understanding the possibilities and limits of a saving-based growth agenda in the context of...
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White Papers
The Growth Report And New Structural Economics
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Despite its heavy human, financial, and economic cost, the recent global recession provides a unique opportunity to reflect on the knowledge from several decades of growth research, draw policy...
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White Papers
International Growth Spillovers, Geography And Infrastructure
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
There is significant academic evidence that growth in one country tends to have a positive impact on growth in neighboring countries. This paper contributes to this literature by assessing whether...
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White Papers
Real Exchange Rates, Saving And Growth: Is There A Link?
October 6, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The view that policies directed at the real exchange rate can have an important effect on economic growth has been gaining adherents in recent years. Unlike the traditional "Misalignment" view...
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White Papers
Inclusive Growth Analytics : Framework And Application
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have...
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White Papers
South Asia: Growth And Regional Integration
September 14, 2007, 12:00am PDT
South Asia has experienced remarkable growth rate since the 1980s. This growth was triggered by reforms aimed at increasing global integration, improving macroeconomic management, and unleashing...
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White Papers
Infrastructure And Economic Growth In East Asia
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines whether infrastructure investment has contributed to East Asia's economic growth using both a growth accounting framework and cross-country regressions. For most of the...
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White Papers
How Relevant Is Infrastructure To Growth In East Asia?
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper seeks to shed some light on the extent to which infrastructure sub-sectors - energy, telecommunications, water supply, sanitation, and transport - contributed to growth in East Asia...
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White Papers
Lessons From World Bank Research On Financial Crises
November 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The benefits of financial development and globalization have come with continuing fragility in financial sectors. Periodic crises have had real but heterogeneous welfare impacts and not just for...
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White Papers
Benchmarking Financial Development
June 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Capitalizing on recent improvements in the availability of cross-country financial sector data, this paper proposes a standard methodology for benchmarking the policy component of financial...
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White Papers
Does Financial Openness Lead To Deeper Domestic Financial Markets?
June 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Advanced and emerging market economies have rapidly integrated into international capital markets and this growing globalization of financial markets has led to some important changes in the...
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White Papers
Finance, Financial Sector Policies, And Long-run Growth
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
The first part of this paper reviews the literature on the relation between finance and growth. The second part of the paper reviews the literature on the historical and policy determinants of...
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White Papers
Bank Capital: Lessons From The Financial Crisis
November 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Using a multi-country panel of banks, the authors study whether better capitalized banks fared better in terms of stock returns during the financial crisis. They differentiate among various types...
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White Papers
The Global Financial Crisis And Development Thinking
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The global financial crisis has not only dealt a major blow to the global economy, but also shaken confidence in economic management in the developed world and the economic models that guide it....
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White Papers
Financial Transactions Tax: Panacea, Threat, Or Damp Squib ?
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Attempts to raise a significant percentage of gross domestic product in revenue from a broad-based financial transactions tax are likely to fail both by raising much less revenue than expected and...
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White Papers
Financial Liberalization And Allocative Efficiency Of Capital
May 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Financial liberalization may have a positive effect on growth not only through the increase in the quantity of the available funds, but also through a more efficient allocation of resources across...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financial Development And Survival Of African Agri-food Exports
May 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates the link between export survival of agri-food products and financial development. It tests the hypothesis that financial development differentially affects the survival of...
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White Papers
Financial Globalization In Emerging Economies: Much Ado About Nothing?
April 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Financial globalization, defined as global linkages through cross-border financial flows, has become increasingly relevant for emerging markets as they integrate financially with the rest of the...
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White Papers
The Impact Of The Financial Crisis On New Firm Registration
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors use panel data on the number of new firm registrations in 95 countries to study the impact of the business environment and 2008 financial crisis on new firm registration. The data show...
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White Papers
Trade And Financial Sector Reforms: Interactions And Spillovers
April 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The allocation of production across firms is a potentially important explanation of the productivity gap between rich and poor economies. Reforms to trade policy and the domestic financial sector...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Of Floods And Droughts: The Economic And Financial Crisis Of 2008
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper provides an overview of the period prior to the recent global crisis, and the policies that were adopted around the world in response to the crisis. It highlights a number of key issues...
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White Papers
Financial Institutions And Markets Across Countries And Over Time - Data And Analysis
May 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper introduces the updated and expanded version of the Financial Development and Structure Database and presents recent trends in structure and development of financial institutions and...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Financial Crisis And Its Impacts On Global Agriculture
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The financial crisis arose in the industrial countries, but has affected developing countries through higher interest rates, sharp changes in commodity prices, and reductions in investment, trade,...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Revenue Management Effects Related To Financial Flows Generated By Climate Policy
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper discusses possible macroeconomic implications for low-income countries of increased revenue inflows that may follow from implementing certain global greenhouse gas mitigation policies....
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White Papers
Sudden Stops And Financial Frictions: Evidence From Industry Level Data
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The nature of the microeconomic frictions that transform sudden stops in output collapses is not only of academic interest, but also crucial for the correct design of policy responses to prevent...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Potential Impact Of The Global Financial Crisis On World Trade
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper models the global financial crisis as a combination of shocks to global housing markets and sharp increases in risk premia of firms, households and international investors in a global...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Is The Level Of Financial Sector Development A Key Determinant Of Private Investment In The Power Sector?
July 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper seeks to assess the extent to which a country's overall level of development and that of its financial sector, in particular, are factors that attract private capital into...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Trade Finance In A Liquidity Crisis
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The paper discusses the reasons for supporting international trade finance during a liquidity crisis. Targeted interventions are justified when prices are rigid and sellers insist on immediate...
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White Papers
The Econometrics Of Finance And Growth
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper reviews different econometric methodologies to assess the relationship between financial development and growth. It illustrates the identification problem, which is at the center of the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Mortgage Finance In Central And Eastern Europe - Opportunity Or Burden?
February 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Household credit, especially for mortgages, has doubled over the past years in the new European Union member countries, raising concerns about the economic and social consequences of household...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Subnational Debt Finance And The Global Financial Crisis
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This note focuses on the impact of the global financial crisis on subnational debt financing. The authors approach the following questions: Why is subnational debt financing important? What are...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Trade Finance In Crisis: Market Adjustment Or Market Failure?
July 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
As world leaders have agreed to massively support trade finance, this paper discusses the singularity of the issues related to trade finance in the context of the global economic crisis. Why...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Innovating Development Finance - From Financing Sources To Financial Solutions
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
As early as 2000, development partners embarked on a decade-long search for "Innovative" or alternative sources of Official Development Assistance to help finance achievement of the Millennium...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Fiscal Policy Instruments For Reducing Congestion And Atmospheric Emissions In The Transport Sector : A Review
June 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper reviews the literature on the fiscal policy instruments commonly used to reduce transport sector externalities. The findings show that congestion charges would reduce vehicle traffic by...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Finance For All? Policies And Pitfalls In Expanding Access
November 6, 2007, 12:00am PST
Financial markets and institutions exist to mitigate the effects of information asymmetries and transaction costs that prevent the direct pooling and investment of society's savings. Financial...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Public Finance, Governance, And Growth In Transition Economies: Empirical Evidence From 1992-2004
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper revisits the early empirical literature on economic growth in transition economies, with particular focus on fiscal policy variables: fiscal balance and the size of government. The...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financing Of The Private Sector In Mexico, 2000-2005: Evolution, Composition And Determinants
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The objective of this paper is to describe the evolution, composition and determinants of financing to the non-financial private sector in Mexico between 2000 and 2005. Supported by the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financial Intermediation In The Pre-Consolidated Banking Sector In Nigeria
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses unique bank-by-bank balance sheet and income statement information to investigate the intermediation efficiency in the Nigerian pre-consolidated banking sector during 2000-2005....
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Economic Information And Finance: More Information Means More Credit, Fewer Bad Loans And Less Corruption
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper builds on recent work that shows how financial sector outcomes are affected by the provision of information by financial and other entities. In particular, it shows that an indicator of...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Strengthening The Governance And Performance Of State-Owned Financial Institutions
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Corporate governance arrangements define the responsibilities, authorities and accountabilities of owners, boards of directors, and executive managers of a company. Good corporate governance is as...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Innovative Experiences In Access To Finance: Market Friendly Roles For The Visible Hand?
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Interest in access to finance has increased significantly in recent years, as growing evidence suggests that lack of access to credit prevents lower-income households and small firms from...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance For Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift In Catastrophe Risk Financing
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financial Development And Innovation In Small Firms
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses firm level data from a cross-section of 57 countries to study how financial development affects innovation in small firms. The analysis finds that relative to large firms in the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Growing Role Of The Euro In Emerging Market Finance
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
More than eight years after the introduction of the euro, impacts on developing countries have been relatively modest. Overall, the euro has become much more important in debt issuance than in...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Managing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Finance: International Experience In Public Financial Management
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
In recent years, natural and man-made disasters have confronted the international community with its most demanding reconstruction challenges since the aftermath of World War II. Managing the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Bank Financing To Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) In Colombia
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
The objective of this paper is to shed light on current trends and policy challenges in the financing of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) by banks in Colombia. The paper is motivated by...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Demographic, Economic And Financial Determinants Of International Remittances In Developing Countries
March 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
What causes developing countries to receive different levels of international remittances? This paper addresses this question by using new data on such variables as the skill composition of...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Measuring Financial Protection In Health
March 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Health systems are not just about improving health: good ones also ensure that people are protected from the financial consequences of receiving medical care. Anecdotal evidence suggests health...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financing Lifelong Learning
March 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper describes and analyzes different financial schemes to promote lifelong learning. Considered are financial instruments to stimulate successful early learning, financial aid schemes and...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Windfall Management For Poverty Reduction: Improving Public Finance Management
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper aims at providing a guide to ensure efficiency in the management of Chad's windfall to support the development process and poverty reduction. The analysis is based on the lessons and...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Beyond Aid: New Sources And Innovative Mechanisms For Financing Development In Sub-Saharan Africa
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Given Sub-Saharan Africa's enormous resource needs for growth, poverty reduction, and other Millennium Development Goals, the development community has little choice but to continue to explore new...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Process Of Financial Development: A Statistical View From The FSAP Program
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses a simple statistical approach to exploit some of the wealth of information contained in FSAP reports. The authors classify and count FSAP recommendations along a logical grid that...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Microfinance Meets The Market
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Microfinance institutions have proved the possibility of providing reliable banking services to poor customers. Their second aim is to do so in a commercially-viable way. This paper analyzes the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Bank Competition And Financial Stability: Friends Or Foes?
June 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Theory makes ambiguous predictions about the relationship between market structure and competitiveness of the banking system and banking sector stability. Empirical studies focusing on individual...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financing Rural Development For A Harmonious Society In China: Recent Reforms In Public Finance And Their Prospects
August 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The Government of China has placed strong emphasis on addressing problems related to agriculture, farmers, and rural society, with the development of a "New socialist countryside" designated as a...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Bank Competition And Financial Stability
August 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Under the traditional "Competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking....
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Black Hole Or Black Gold? The Impact Of Oil And Gas Prices On Indonesia's Public Finances
September 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Indonesia's oil revenues and fuel subsidies dominate the nation's economic policy agenda. This paper estimates the impact of higher international oil prices on the Indonesian government's fiscal...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Crises, Capital Controls, And Financial Integration
November 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper analyzes the effects of capital controls and crises on international financial integration, using data on stocks from emerging economies that trade in domestic and international...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Public Finance, Security, And Development: A Framework And An Application To Afghanistan
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Are All The Sacred Cows Dead? Implications Of The Financial Crisis For Macro And Financial Policies
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
The recent global financial crisis has shaken the confidence of developed and developing countries alike in the very blueprint of financial and macro policies that underlie the western capitalist...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Local Financial Development And Growth
February 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Using a unique sample of net domestic product data for districts in India, the author investigates the connection between banking sector development, human capital, and economic growth at the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Multilateral Debt Relief Through The Eyes Of Financial Markets
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
The economic benefits of debt relief for recipient countries have been the subject of arduous debate, at least partly motivated by the difficulty of identifying the causal effect of debt relief on...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Long-Term Financial Incentives And Investment In Daughters: Evidence From Conditional Cash Transfers In North India
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Since the early 1990s, several states in India have introduced financial incentive programs to discourage son preference among parents and encourage investment in daughters' education and health....
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Local Sources Of Financing For Infrastructure In Africa: A Cross-Country Analysis
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
With the exception of South Africa, local financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa remain underdeveloped and small, with a particular dearth of financing with maturity terms commensurate with the...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Including Financial Services In Preferential Trade Agreements: Lessons Of International Experience For China
April 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The objective of this paper is to address the main considerations for China of including financial services in its preferential trade agreements. The paper briefly reviews China's financial...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Financial Institutions And Markets Across Countries And Over Time: Data And Analysis
May 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper introduces the updated and expanded version of the Financial Development and Structure Database and presents recent trends in structure and development of financial institutions and...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Enhanced Financial Mechanisms For Post 2012 Mitigation
July 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The flexibility mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol are the first ever attempt to create and regulate a global commodity market under the rules of an UN treaty. In fact, the two project-based...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
The Global Resort To Antidumping, Safeguards, And Other Trade Remedies Amidst The Economic Crisis
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines newly available data from the World Bank-sponsored Global Antidumping Database tracking the worldwide use of trade remedies such as antidumping, countervailing duties, global...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Climate Change And The Economics Of Targeted Mitigation In Sectors With Long-Lived Capital Stock
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Mitigation investments in Long-Lived Capital Stock (LLKS) differ from other types of mitigation investments in that, once established, LLKS can lock-in a stream of emissions for extended periods...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
How Many More Infants Are Likely To Die In Africa As A Result Of The Global Financial Crisis?
August 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The human consequences of the current global financial crisis for the developing world are presumed to be severe yet few studies have quantified such impact. The authors estimate the additional...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Finance In Africa: Achievements And Challenges
August 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In spite of shallow financial markets, Sub-Saharan Africa will not escape the repercussions of the global financial crisis. The global turmoil threatens the progress Sub-Saharan Africa has made in...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Toward A Theory Of Optimal Financial Structure
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Each institutional arrangement in a financial system has both advantages and disadvantages in mobilizing savings, allocating capital, diversifying risks, and processing information when...
Provided by The World Bank
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White Papers
Measuring Household Usage Of Financial Services: Does It Matter How Or Whom You Ask?
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In recent years, the number of surveys of access to and use of financial services has multiplied, but little is known about whether the data generated are comparable across countries, or within...
Provided by The World Bank
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