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United Nations University
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White Papers
Component-Based Software Engineering - The Need to Link Methods and Their Theories
July 6, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper discusses some of the difficulties and significant issues that authors need to consider when developing a formal method for component-based software engineering. Authors argue that to...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Extending Message-Oriented Middleware
April 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Different types of middleware exist to facilitate the integration of software running on heterogeneous computing platforms. Message Oriented Middleware (MOM), for instance, enables the interaction...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Strategic Partnering With Chinese Companies: Hidden Motives And Treasures
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors aim to investigate the key drivers of international alliance formation from the perspective of Chinese companies. The results indicate that Chinese companies enter into...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
What Does Innovation In Emerging Economies Have To Offer Other Low Income Economies?
April 6, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Between 1970 and 2000 the proportion of global R&D occurring in low income economies rose from two percent to more than 20 percent. However, this rising commitment to R&D does not easily translate...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Using Innovation Surveys For Econometric Analysis
April 6, 2010, 12:00am PDT
After presenting the history, the evolution and the content of innovation surveys, the authors discuss the characteristics of the data they contain and the challenge they pose to the analyst and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
CSR And Market Changing Product Innovations: Indian Case Studies
April 20, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Do firms need to sacrifice profit while innovating in order to further social objectives, as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) would seem to suggest? To answer this question, the paper...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Entrepreneurship And The National System Of Innovation What Is Missing In Turkey?
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Although very dynamic and flexible, Turkish SMEs are less innovative than their European counterparts. The analysis undertaken in this paper allows assessing whether this low level of innovative...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Impact Of Government Support On R&D And Innovation
May 30, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper evaluates whether public support from innovation from the central government or the European Union spurs innovation in Austrian firms. The effect is estimated separately on R&D...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Entrepreneurship Development And The Role Of Economic Transition In Entrepreneurial Activities In China
July 12, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper aims to elaborate on the entrepreneurship development in China and the role of China's economic transition in Chinese entrepreneurial activities. The authors address China's...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Pro-Poor, Entrepreneur-Based Innovation And It's Role In Rural Development
June 25, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Innovation spurs economic growth and development. Pro-poor innovation in rural areas is more likely to occur through small-scale ventures and entrepreneurs than industrial research and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Financing Pro-Poor Entrepreneur-Based Innovation: A Review Of Existing Literature
June 25, 2010, 12:00am PDT
That innovation and entrepreneurship are important for poverty alleviation and development is well established. However, despite a general agreement that finance affects growth and development by...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
India's Rural Financial System: Does It Support Pro-Poor Innovation?
July 7, 2010, 12:00am PDT
From the perspective of poverty alleviation, socially relevant, or pro?]poor, rural innovation is of particular interest in a country like India since it is in rural areas that most of the poor...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Assessing Innovations In International Research And Development Practice
July 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper integrates two distant bodies of literature - the literature on impact assessment of research and development interventions, and the literature on social psychology of assessing...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Bridging The Financing Gap For Pro-Poor Innovation: Towards A Framework
September 15, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In many developing countries, pro-poor entrepreneurship and innovation is facing a financing gap. Such innovation suffers from a lack of finance especially from the mainstream (or core) of the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation Strategy, Firm Survival And Relocation: The Case Of Hong Kong-Owned Manufacturing In Guangdon Province, China
October 19, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Based on a survey adapted from the Fourth European Community Innovation Survey (CIS-4), this paper finds that, in the changing manufacturing environment of Guangdong province in China, Hong...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Interrupted Innovation: Innovation System Dynamics In Latecomer Aerospace Industries
November 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In this paper the authors analyse the role of sectoral innovation systems in the emergence and catch-up of aerospace industries in latecomer economies. They argue that the aerospace sector is...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Social Impacts Of The Development Of Science, Technology And Innovation Indicators
March 28, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines the social impacts of the development of science, technology and innovation indicators. The approach deals separately with the development process and with the use of the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Labour Market And Unemployment In Sudan
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the structure of labour market and unemployment in Sudan. One advantage of the analysis in this paper is that the authors explain several stylized facts on labour market using...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
On The Delivery Of Pro-Poor Innovations: Managerial Lessons From Sanitation Activists In India
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
There is an emerging body of literature that examines how pro-poor product innovations should be created and what business models should accompany them. However, there is little on actual...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Economic Adversity And Entrepreneurship-Led Growth Lessons From The Indian Software Sector
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
It is commonly believed that the business environment in developing countries does not allow productive technology-based entrepreneurship to flourish. In this paper, the authors draw on the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Importance Of Technological Innovation For SME Growth Evidence From India
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper probes the drivers, dimensions, achievements, and outcomes of technological innovations carried out by SMEs in the auto components, electronics, and machine tool sectors of Bangalore in...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Human Resource Management And Learning For Innovation: Pharmaceuticals In Mexico
January 8, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper investigates the influence of human resource management on learning from internal and external sources of knowledge. Learning for innovation is a key ingredient of catching-up...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Endogenous Economic Growth Through Connectivity
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors show the benefits of regional connectivity and specialization to growth. Starting with one region they show how welfare measured by utility per head increases as the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Habit Formation, Demand And Growth Through Product Innovation
January 27, 2009, 12:00am PST
Growth theory has mainly focused on process innovation, either through an increase in quality of the product or a reduction on the cost. The main contribution in growth theory that includes...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Diffusion Of Informal Knowledge And Innovation Performance: A Sectoral Approach
November 6, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper tries to quantify the effect of diffusion of informal knowledge on the innovative performance of European firms using data derived from the 3rd Community Innovation Survey. When firms...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Growth With Imported Resources: On The Sustainability Of U.S. Growth And Foreign Debt
June 24, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors provide a growth model with imported resources and foreign debt accumulation providing the basis for two questions and regression equations. Under what conditions do growth rates of...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovative Sales, R&D And Total Innovation Expenditures: Panel Evidence On Their Dynamics
June 29, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper studies the dynamic relationship between input and output of innovation in Dutch manufacturing using an unbalanced panel of enterprise data from five waves of the Com-munity Innovation...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation And Economic Development
July 23, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Is innovation important for development? And if so, how? One popular perception of innovation, that one meets in media every day, is that has to do with developing brand new, advanced solutions...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation For The Base Of The Pyramid: Critical Perspectives From Development Studies On Heterogeneity And Participation
November 6, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper criticises current BoP approaches for under-appreciating two issues that play vital roles in projects targeting the poor at the BoP: heterogeneity among the poor, and the intricacies of...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation Dynamics In Tuberculosis Control In India: The Shift To New Partnerships
November 6, 2009, 12:00am PST
Tuberculosis remains the biggest infectious killer in India and worldwide, and it has recently regained substantial international attention with its come-back in drug resistant forms. The...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
What Do Complex Adaptive Systems Look Like And What Are The Implications For Innovation Policy?
November 6, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper explores the use of complex adaptive systems theory in development policy analysis using a case study drawn from recent events in Uganda. It documents the changes that took place in the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Environmental Innovation: Using Qualitative Models To Identify Indicators For Policy
November 6, 2009, 12:00am PST
Environmental innovation is an essential part of a knowledge based economy, as environmental innovation makes economies more efficient by encouraging and facilitating the use of fewer material or...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Types Of Entrepreneurship And Economic Growth
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors empirically investigate the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth at the country level. They use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, which provides...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation Policy, Entrepreneurship, And Development: A Finnish View
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper first reviews the economic rationales for innovation policy. It then describes the Finnish innovation policy and policy making environment. The Finnish policy is evaluated from the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Growth Of Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship In India, 1991 - 2007
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
There is enough consensus to show that India's economic performance since 1991 is a direct result of the economic liberalization measures that have been put in place. One of the outcomes of this...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship And Development
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Industrialization has long been seen as the answer to underdevelopment and poverty. First this led countries to follow protectionist import substitution policies but as these failed developing...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Innovation And Microenterprises Growth In Ethiopia
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper addresses two prominent issues on the development of small enterprises in Africa. Which factors inhibit or foster innovation activities in small enterprises? Do innovators create more...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Is That Innovation? Assessing Examples Of Revitalized Economic Dynamics Among Clusters Of Small Producers In Northern Vietnam
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper addresses the question whether innovation is within reach for small enterprises in developing economies by studying four cases of new technologies, products and business practices in...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Tacit Knowledge And Innovation Capacity: Evidence From The Indian Livestock Sector
November 26, 2009, 12:00am PST
To cope and compete in this rapidly-changing world, organisations need to access and apply new knowledge. While explicit knowledge is important, what is often critical is an organisation's ability...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Technology Frontier, Labor Productivity And Economic Growth: Evidence From OECD Countries
November 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors use 29 OECD countries data spanning over 1960-2000 to study the growth strategy when countries are close to the technology frontier. Relying on a semi-parametric generalized additive...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Computing Support for Problem Solving in Virtual Communities of Practice
April 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The paper presents a formal model for a knowledge repository shared by members of a Virtual Community of Practice (VCPs), describes how the repository can be used to underpin collaborative problem...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Making Fiscal Space Happen! Managing Fiscal Policy In A World Of Scaled-up Aid
October 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
Debt relief and the scaling up of aid to low-income countries should allow for greater fiscal space for expenditure programmes to create long-term growth and lower poverty rates. But designing a...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Excess Credit And The South Korean Crisis
August 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
The authors provide a novel empirical analysis of the South Korean credit market that reveals large volumes of excess credit since the late 1970s, indicating that a sizeable proportion of total...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Financial Crisis Of 2008 And The Developing Countries
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Following the financial crisis that broke in the US and other Western economies in late 2008, there is now serious concern about its impact on the developing countries. The world media almost...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Linkages, Access To Finance And The Performance Of Small-Scale Enterprises In Kenya
February 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Micro- and Small-scale Enterprises (MSEs) have become important players in the Kenyan economy, but at the same time they continue to face constraints that limit their development. Lack of access...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Into The Void: Governing Finance In Central And Eastern Europe
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Twenty years after the fall of the iron curtain - which for decades had separated East from West - most countries of Central and Eastern Europe are now members of the European Union; some have...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Gearing Macroeconomic Policies To Manage Large Inflows Of ODA
July 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines how macroeconomic policies can be managed to accommodate a large inflow of foreign aid to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic and still maintain macroeconomic stability. Because of...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Aid Effectiveness, Debt Relief And Public Finance Response
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Substantial amounts of debt relief have been granted to a set of low-income countries, as an alternative aid modality. Although the theoretical case for debt relief is firmly established, only...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
How Does Colonial Origin Matter For Economic Performance In Sub- Saharan Africa?
April 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates some of the existing hypotheses regarding the transmission of different colonial legacies to modern day economic growth. The fact that different colonial strategies were...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Financial Reform And The Mobilization Of Domestic Savings
September 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
Using a vector error-correction model, the author explores the short-run dynamics and long-run linkages between financial reform and the mobilization of domestic saving in Morocco. In the short...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Remittances And Financial Inclusion In Development
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors focus on the relationship between remittance inflows and financial inclusion in developing countries. They present single equation estimates on remittances and financial...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Political Economy Of Additional Development Finance
September 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
The paper considers the political obstacles and supports for additional development finance and a number of possible devices through which advantage may be taken of the supports and the obstacles...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Sensitivity Of Loan Size To Lending Rates: Evidence From Ghana's Microfinance Sector
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the combined effect of interest rates and poverty levels of microfinance clients on loan size. Cross section data on 2,691 clients and non-clients households from Ghana is used...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalizing Households And Multi-Ethnic Community Building In Japan
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The East Asian countries are currently experiencing declining fertility rates and aging of their populations. The demographic transition is beginning to affect various societal functions, and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Trade, Migration, And Poverty Reduction In The Globalizing Economy
June 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates how the two types of globalization - i.e., integration of international trade and emigration - affected poverty reduction in the Philippines. Using the Family Income and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Threshold Estimation On The Globalization-Poverty Nexus
June 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
China has experienced rapid integration into the global economy and achieved remarkable progress in poverty reduction over the last two decades. In this paper, by employing panel data covering...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Inequality-Growth Nexus In The Short And Long Runs: Empirical Evidence From China
August 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
This paper argues that the conventional approach of data averaging is problematic for exploring the growth-inequality nexus. It introduces the Polynomial Inverse Lag (PIL) framework so that the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Impacts of Growth And Inequality On Rural Poverty In China
August 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
This paper analyzes the evolution of poverty in China from the late 1980s to the late 1990s, employing a version of Shapley decomposition tailored to unit-record household survey data. The changes...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Global Mobility Of Talent From A Perspective Of New Industrial Policy
November 1, 2006, 12:00am PST
The paper views migration of skills from a perspective of new industrial policy. It introduces two types of search networks: open migration chains and diaspora networks. Migration chains are...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization And Regional Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence From Within China
November 1, 2006, 12:00am PST
China's recent accession to the WTO is expected to accelerate its integration into the world economy, which aggravates concerns over the impact of globalization on the already rising...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Financial Sector Development And Growth
August 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
This paper documents the financial and institutional developments of China during the past two decades, when China was successfully transformed from a rigid central planning economy to a dynamic...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Financial Development, Growth, And Regional Disparity In Post-Reform China
August 1, 2006, 12:00am PDT
Deepening financial development and rapid economic growth in China have been accompanied by widening income disparity between the coastal and inland regions. In this paper, by employing panel...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
A Survey Of Growth And Development Issues Of The Pacific Islands
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper is a survey of some key variables with an international dimension and implications for growth and development policies in selected Pacific island countries. Results from a simple growth...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Post-Apartheid South Africa: Poverty And Distribution Trends In An Era Of Globalization
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
South Africa's transition to democracy in 1994 created new possibilities for economic policy. Economic liberalization brought sustained, if unspectacular, growth that reversed the long decline in...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Housing And Personal Wealth In A Global Context
May 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Housing is the single most important component of personal wealth in most countries. The special characteristics of housing markets are therefore key to understanding personal portfolios, saving,...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization And The Urban Poor
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The focus of this paper is the effect of contemporary globalization on poverty and inequality in cities of the 'Global south'. Specifically it addresses the impact of globalization on marginalized...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization And The Human Development Trap
October 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The feeble results of liberalization policies in Latin America are explained in terms of a multiple steady state model including a dynamic human development trap, endogenous technological change,...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization And Marginalization In Africa
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Increased openness is seen by some as a panacea for development while for others it is a recipe for disaster for the poor. Using the example of Ethiopia, this paper discusses some of the key...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization, Crop Choice And Property Rights In Rural Peru, 1994-2004
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes the results of initial work analyzing a panel of rural households in Peru between 1994 and 2004 to determine household responses to changes in relative prices of traditional...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Globalization, Growth, Inequality And Poverty In Africa
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The last two decades has witnessed an increase in globalizing influences affecting most countries, Africa included. These influences have arisen partly as a result of domestic and international...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Global Inequality Recent Evidence And Trends
January 1, 2007, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the nature and extent of global and regional income distribution and inequality using the most recent country level data on income distribution drawn from World Bank and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Gender Dimensions To The Incidence Of Tariff Liberalization
October 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper evaluates a topic in the globalization and poverty debate that is often difficult to measure, namely the transmission of price changes associated with tariff liberalization to...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Finance And Growth
March 1, 2007, 12:00am PST
This paper is an attempt towards an integration of financial development and its effect on the real sector via the transmission mechanism with special reference to developing and emerging market...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Export Diversity And Regional Growth
February 1, 2007, 12:00am PST
This paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between exports, and in particular export diversity, and regional growth in a developing country context. Using export data for 19...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Estimating The Level And Distribution Of Global Household Wealth
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The authors provide the first estimate of the level and distribution of global household wealth. Mean assets and debts within countries are measured, partly or wholly, for 38 countries using...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Distributional Impact Of Globalization-Induced Migration
October 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
One of the contentious issues about the globalization process is the mechanism by which globalization affects poverty and inequality. This paper explores one of the various strands of the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Changing Land-Tenure Arrangements And Access To Primary Assets Under Globalization
October 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper illustrates how, in relation to globalization, formal and informal land institutions are prone to generate conflict over land rights and examines the implications of such conflicts on...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Trading Inequality? Insights From The Two Globalizations In Latin America
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Trade flows among countries have increased dramatically during the last globalization episode creating new winners and losers between and within countries. This paper revisits the contested topic...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Source Of Finance, Growth And Firm Size - Evidence From China
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Using a comprehensive firm-level dataset spanning the period 1998-2005, this paper provides a thorough investigation of the relationship between firm size, total factor productivity growth and...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
The Finnish Developmental State And Its Growth Regime
June 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper reviews Finland's growth strategy in the postwar decades. Finland was able to initiate an impressive mobilization of resources during this period, reflected mostly in a high rate of...
Provided by United Nations University
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