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United Nations University
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Explaining Success And Failure In Development
February 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Since 1950, there has been considerable diversity in developing country experiences. Some countries and some regions have experienced rapid growth and catch up, others have fallen behind. At a...
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Reframing Technical Change: Livestock Fodder Scarcity Revisited As Innovation Capacity Scarcity: Part 3. Tools For Diagnosis And Institutional Change In Innovation Systems
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
The exploration of fodder innovation capacity requires tools to undertake the following tasks: Diagnosis of fodder innovation capacity to identify project starting points, including micro and...
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Reframing Technical Change: Livestock Fodder Scarcity Revisited As Innovation Capacity Scarcity: Part 2. A Framework For Analysis
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
This is the second in a series of three papers that develop a conceptual framework for a project on livestock fodder innovation. The paper begins by reviewing the evolving paradigms of...
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Reframing Technical Change: Livestock Fodder Scarcity Revisited As Innovation Capacity Scarcity: Part 1. A Review Of Historical And Recent Experiences
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
This is the first in a series of three papers that develop a conceptual framework for a project on livestock fodder innovation. Livestock is important to the livelihoods of poor people in many...
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Transition Of Governance In A Mature Open Software Source Community: Evidence From The Debian Case
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
As flourishing, productive Open Source Software (OSS) communities mature, they have to introduce a variety of governance mechanisms to manage the participation of their members and to coordinate...
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Approach For Analysing Capabilities In Latecomer Software Companies
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Software development activities have been identified as a 'Window of opportunity' for latecomer companies. Notwithstanding the growth of software development activities in the latecomers, there...
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R&D Collaboration Networks In The European Framework Programmes: Data Processing, Network Construction And Selected Results
November 12, 2007, 12:00am PST
The authors describe the construction of a large and novel data set on R&D collaboration networks in the first five EU Framework Programmes (FPs), examine key features and provide economic...
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White Papers
National Systems Of Innovations And The Role Of Demand. A Cross Country Comparison
September 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper focuses on the role of demand in the National System of Innovations: why it is so important, and how does it affect the dynamics of the system and the flow of inventions and...
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The Productivity Effects Of Internal And External R&D: Evidence From A Dynamic Panel Data Model
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
The authors examine the impact of internal and external R&D on labor productivity in a 6-year panel of Dutch manufacturing firms. They apply a dynamic linear panel data model that allows for...
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Measuring The Effectiveness Of R&D Tax Credits In The Netherlands
July 20, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines the impact of the Dutch R&D fiscal incentive program, known as WBSO, on R&D capital formation. Taking a factor-demand approach the authors measure the elasticity of firm R&D...
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White Papers
The Environmental Porter Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence And A Model Of Timing Of Adoption
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The Porter Hypothesis postulates that the costs of compliance with environmental standards may be offset by adoption of innovations they trigger. The authors model this hypothesis using a game of...
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R&D Offshoring And Technology Learning In Emerging Economies: Firm-Level Evidence From The ICT Industry
June 26, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper studies the impact of the R&D offshoring of multinational enterprises on the firms in host emerging economies. The authors develop a two-stage non-cooperative game to analyze the...
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White Papers
Knowledge Flows, Patent Citations And The Impact Of Science On Technology
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Technological innovation depends on knowledge developed by scientific research. The number of citations made in patents to the scientific literature has been suggested as an indicator of this...
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ICT Externalities: Evidence From Cross Country Data
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper reports the findings of an empirical study on the external effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth and productivity at an aggregate level. It...
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White Papers
Exploration And Exploitation In Technology-Based Alliance Networks
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
Although the literature converges regarding the reasons why and how networks of technology alliances are formed, there is still lack of agreement on what constitutes an optimal network structure,...
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White Papers
Technological Capability Building Through Networking Strategies Within High-Tech Industries
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
Learning through networks has been considered as an important research topic for several years now. Technological learning is more and more based on a combination of internal and external learning...
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Technological Spillovers From Multinational Presence - Towards A Conceptual Framework
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper undertakes a critical review of existing spillover analyses and proposes a unique analytical framework for examining technological spillovers in a manufacturing industry setting. The...
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Technology Supply Chain Or Innovation Capacity?: Contrasting Experiences Of Promoting Small Scale Irrigation Technology In South Asia
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
The most effective approach to agricultural technology promotion and innovation is still a source of considerable debate, and nowhere more so than in the context of agricultural engineering...
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The Spatial Hierarchy Of Technological Change And Economic Development In Europe
May 23, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper discusses the possibility of a spatial hierarchy of innovation and growth dynamics in Europe. A spatial hierarchy is understood as a geographical clustering of regions, where important...
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States And Firms On The Periphery: The Challenges Of A Globalising World
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
A key feature of globalisation has been the growth and spread of MultiNational Enterprises (MNEs), but there is here is considerable evidence that MNEs do not regard all locations as being...
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Estimations Of US Debt Dynamics: Growth Cum Debt And The Savings Glut In Kouri?s Model
November 20, 2009, 12:00am PST
The authors derive the central differential equation of the neoclassical growth model for the case of a CES (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) production function with perfect capital movement...
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Entrepreneurship, Structural Change And A Global Economic Crisis
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Building on a Lewis-type model of structural change and entrepreneurship the authors show how a global economic crisis consisting of a financial and a trade shock can undermine structural change...
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The Global Financial Crisis And Development: Whither Africa?
December 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
The global economic crisis beginning in 2008 has come at a very inopportune time for Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) appeared to be on a march toward real economic and human progress, following...
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White Papers
The Triple Crisis And The Global Aid Architecture
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
The global economy is passing through a period of profound change. The immediate concern is with the financial crisis, originating in the North. The South is affected via reduced demand and lower...
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Global Growth And Distribution: Are China And India Reshaping The World?
March 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions...
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The Global Economic Crisis: Towards Syndrome-free Recovery For Africa
June 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper outlines the impact of the global economic crisis on Africa. Recovery requires coordinated and consistent efforts to assist individual countries in mitigating (reducing) the risk,...
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White Papers
Economic Efficiency And Growth: Evidence From Brazil, China, And India
October 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors compare economic efficiencies in Brazil, India, and China, where economic efficiency measures the gap between potential and actual output for a given input combination and...
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External Debt, Informal Economy And Growth
June 17, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors develop an endogenous growth model with overlapping generations taking into account important characteristics of the developing countries: high public external debt and large informal...
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China's Economic Growth: Trajectories And Evolving Institutions
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates the institutional reason underlying the change in the trajectory of economic growth in post-reform China, and argues that the trajectory of growth was much more normal...
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White Papers
High-growth Entrepreneurial Firms In Africa: A Quantile Regression Approach
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper studies the growth performance of a large set of entrepreneurial firms in ten manufacturing sectors of eleven Sub-Saharan African countries. The focus of the paper is on identifying...
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White Papers
Indian Economic Growth: Lessons For The Emerging Economies
July 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Can we use neoclassical growth model to single out the important transmission channels through which external factors or 'Primitives' affected the Indian economy and caused the remarkable growth...
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White Papers
Concepts And Operationalization Of Pro-poor Growth
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Growth that reduces poverty is often considered pro-poor regardless of whether the poor benefit from it more than the non-poor. Such growth could simply be termed poverty-reducing growth. This...
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White Papers
Export Productivity, Finance, And Economic Growth: Are The Southern Engines Of Growth Different?
March 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Using a panel of 139 countries over the period 1992-2003, the authors analyze the links between export productivity, economic growth and financial development indicators. They then investigate...
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When Unstable, Growth Is Less Pro-poor
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Macroeconomic instability has been increasingly considered as a factor lowering average income growth and, in this way, is a factor slowing down poverty reduction. But it can also result in slower...
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White Papers
China's Trade Imbalances: The Role Of FDI
November 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
China has been running a large trade surplus with the rest of the world, particularly with the USA and EU. This has caused considerable diplomatic tensions and tremendous pressure on the Chinese...
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Thailand's Development Strategy And Growth Performance
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Thailand's development strategy has been strongly market-oriented and open to trade and investment flows with the rest of the world. Since the late 1950s, its growth performance has been...
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Growth, Inequality, And Poverty Reduction In Developing Countries
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The paper presents recent global evidence on the transformation of economic growth to poverty reduction in developing countries, with emphasis on the role of income inequality. The focus is on the...
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Growth And Recovery In A Time Of Default
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
International narratives on Argentina's recovery from the crisis of 2001-02 tend to emphasize the role of rising commodity prices and growing demand from China. Argentina is said to have been...
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Exchange Rate Regimes And Trade
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper revisits the link between exchange rate regimes and trade in the context of Africa's exchange rate arrangements. Applying an augmented gravity model that includes measures of currency...
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White Papers
Globalization Crises, Trade, And Development In Vietnam
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Vietnam has been among the most successful East Asian economies, especially in weathering the external shocks of recent globalization crises - the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the 2008-09...
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White Papers
Technological Activities And Their Impact On The Financial Performance Of The Firm: Exploitation And Exploration Within And Between Firms
December 21, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper analyzes the consequences for financial performance of technology strategies categorized along two dimensions: explorative versus exploitative and solitary versus collaborative. The...
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White Papers
User Innovation And The Market
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper proposes a way of including in official statistics consumers as user innovators who modify or develop products for their own use. The issue addressed is the role of the market in the...
Provided by United Nations University
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White Papers
Absorptive Capacity In Technological Learning In Clean Development Mechanism Projects
March 28, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Technology transfer in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects of the Kyoto Protocol has become one of the important issues addressed both in policy agenda and by academic scholars. In many CDM...
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Microeconomic Analysis Of Rural Nonfarm Activities In The Kyrgyz Republic: What Determines Participation And Returns?
April 11, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses two representative household budget surveys from the Kyrgyz Republic to analyze factors influencing participation and returns from different types of nonfarm activities in 2005 and...
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Immigration And Growth In An Ageing Economy
May 9, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper argues that immigration can help to alleviate the burden ageing presents for the welfare states of most Western Economies. The authors develop a macroeconomic framework which deals with...
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State-led Technological Development: A Case Of Chinas Nanotechnology Development
May 13, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors analyze the nanotechnology patent applications filed in China from 1998 to 2008 and find that the extraordinary nanotechnology development in China has been primarily promoted by the...
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Voluntary Agreements And Community Development As CSR In Innovation Strategies
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The present paper examines how an innovating firm decides between two forms of Voluntary Agreements (VA) in a context, where a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) rather than a regulator watches...
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Strengthening The Roles Of Political Parties In Public Accountability - A Case Study Of A New Approach In Political Party Assistance
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Donors in development cooperation increasingly emphasize the importance of public accountability in developing countries for the good functioning of democratic institutions, governance and the...
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The Elusive Quest For The Golden Standard: Concepts, Policies And Practices Of Accountability In Development Cooperation
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Promoting public accountability plays an ever increasing role in the recent discourse on development cooperation. It is said to encourage a more efficient use of public funds, to decrease...
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On Indias Plunge Into Nanotechnology: What Are Good Ways To Catch-up?
July 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The present paper examines how a developing country like India is competing in the nanotechnology race. The authors' study shows that both upstream scientific and technological capabilities and...
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Emerging Country MNEs And The Role Of Home Countries: Separating Fact From Irrational Expectations
June 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper takes a look at the research on Emerging country MultiNational Enterprises (EMNEs) over the last 25 years, and argues that growth in EMNE activity over the last 10 years continues to be...
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Beyond Knowledge Brokerage: An Exploratory Study Of Innovation Intermediaries In An Evolving Smallholder Agricultural System In Kenya
June 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The recognition that innovation occurs in networks of heterogeneous actors and requires broad systemic support beyond knowledge brokering has resulted in a changing landscape of the intermediary...
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Dynamics Of Biosciences Regulation And Opportunities For Biosciences Innovation In Africa: Exploring Regulatory Policy Brokering
June 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Knowledge brokering has been explored in the innovation literature to understand how different innovation tasks are organised toward technological development. This paper reflects upon the role of...
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The When And Where Of Research In Agricultural Innovation Trajectories: Evidence And Implications From Rius South Asia Projects
June 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The question of how agricultural research can best be used for developmental purposes is a topic of some debate in developmental circles. The idea that this is simply a question of better transfer...
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Innovation And Diffusion Of Clean/Green Technology: Can Patent Commons Help?
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper explores the characteristics of 238 patents on 94 "Inventions" contributed by major multinational innovators to the "Eco-Patent Commons", which provides royalty-free access to third...
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Technology Alliances In Emerging Economies: Persistence And Interrelation In European Firms Alliance Formation
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors analyze patterns and determinants of technology alliance formation with partner firms from emerging economies, with a focus on European firms' alliance strategies. They examine to what...
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White Papers
Innovation Pathways And Policy Challenges At The Regional Level: Smart Specialisation
June 1, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper highlights the great diversity in development pathways and trajectories of innovation across European regions. A regional knowledge-based economy has multidimensional aspects. It...
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Understanding Multilevel Interactions In Economic Development
January 8, 2010, 12:00am PST
National framework conditions mediate the effect of technological capabilities of firms on their productivity. Although this has been recognized in the literature for a long time, a quantitative...
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Measuring The Returns To R&D
January 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
The authors review the econometric literature on measuring the returns to R&D. The theoretical frameworks that have been used are outlined, followed by an extensive discussion of measurement and...
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Net-Immigration Of Developing Countries: The Role Of Economic Determinants, Disasters, Conflicts, And Political Instability
February 15, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors provide regressions for the net immigration flows of developing countries. They show that savings finance emigration and worker remittances serve to make staying rather than migrating...
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Global Players From Brazil: Drivers And Challenges In The Internationalization Process Of Brazilian Firms
April 6, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper discusses general patterns of internationalization of Brazilian firms. It highlights the main determinants for internationalization, the main destinations, as well as the modes of entry...
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How Firms Innovate: R&D, Non-R&D, And Technology Adoption
April 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Non-R&D innovation is a common economic phenomenon, though R&D has been the central focus of policy making and scholarly research in the field of innovation. An analysis of the third European...
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Convergence Of European Regions: A Reappraisal
March 31, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors provide a reappraisal of income convergence across European regions over the period 1990-2005 by using a semiparametric partially linear model to approximate the relationship between...
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Economic Restructuring And Total Factor Productivity Growth: Tunisia Over The Period 1983-2001
May 23, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors aim to measure and decompose the growth of frontier Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Tunisia over the period 1983-2001. They define frontier TFP growth as the shift of...
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How Effective Are Level-Based R&D Tax Credits? Evidence From The Netherlands
July 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines the impact of the R&D fiscal incentive program on R&D by Dutch firms. Taking a factor-demand approach the authors measure the elasticity of firm R&D capital accumulation to its...
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Bottom-Up, Bottom-Line: Development-Relevant Enterprises In East Africa And Their Significance For Agricultural Innovation
July 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Over the last 10 years much has been written about the role of the private sector as part of a more widely-conceived notion of agricultural sector capacity for innovation and development. This...
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The Global Institutional Frameworks And The Diffusion Of Renewable Energy Technologies In The BRICS Countries
September 9, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper examines the role of the global institutional frameworks on the national processes of innovation diffusion. The authors focus on the influence of the Kyoto mechanisms on the diffusion...
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Localisation Strategies Of Firms In Wind Energy Technology Development
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The paper looks at the localisation strategies of multinational companies in wind energy sector in the emerging countries of China and India. It seeks to explain why western multinationals are...
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The R&D Activity Of Multinational Enterprises In Peripheral Economies: Evidence From The EU New Member States
September 13, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper explores the impact of MNEs on innovation systems and the policy options available for peripheral economies to attract and embed the R&D activities of MNEs. After developing the...
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Efficient Development Portfolio Design For Sub Saharan Africa
August 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The Stiglitz report published in September 2009 has brought back to the attention of policy makers and researchers that measuring a country's development solely on the basis of GDP or GDP per...
Provided by United Nations University
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Global Excellence At The Expense Of Local Relevance, Or A Bridge Between Two Worlds? Research In Science And Technology In The Developing World
October 19, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Do world-leading researchers from developing countries contribute to upgrading locally, or do they disengage from the local context? The paper investigates the scientific collaborations of...
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New Organisational And Institutional Vehicles For Managing Innovation In South Asia: Opportunities For Using Research For Technical Change And Social Gain
October 20, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper sets out to explore the nature of new organisational and institutional vehicles for managing innovation in order to put research into use for social gain. There no longer remains any...
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Public R&D Subsidies And Productivity: Evidence From Firm-Level Data In Quebec
August 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper analyses empirically the impacts of public R&D grants on private R&D investments and on the productivity growth of the manufacturing firms in a context where fiscal incentives are...
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A Note On Testing For Complementarity And Substitutability In The Case Of Multiple Practices
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Recent empirical studies of firm-level performance have tested complementarity in the case of multiple practices. These papers have drawn conclusions using potentially biased estimates of...
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Making Your Own Future. Expectations And Occupation Choice
November 15, 2010, 12:00am PST
The choice of a university career has a major saying in the future earnings and career opportunities of the individuals. In turn, prospective university students make their decisions mainly...
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Assessment Of Science And Technology Indicators In Sudan
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper employs both the descriptive and comparative approaches and uses the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's definition of Science and Technology (S&T) indicators (OECD,...
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The Impact Of ICT In The Transformation And Production Of Knowledge In Sudan
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper focuses on the impact of ICT in the transformation and production of knowledge, notably in Sudan, and discusses the importance of the use of ICT in Khartoum University. It considers how...
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The Incidence And Transfer Of Knowledge In The Arab Countries
December 20, 2010, 12:00am PST
In this paper, the authors use the systematic, descriptive and statistical approaches, fill the gap in the Arab literature and present a more comprehensive analysis of the important ways of...
Provided by United Nations University
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Russia's Emerging Multinational Companies Amidst The Global Economic Crisis
January 21, 2011, 12:00am PST
Internationalisation of Russian companies has become a distinctive phenomenon and has drawn attention of scholars, practitioners and policy-makers alike. Newly emerged Russian companies have...
Provided by United Nations University
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Assessment Of Effectiveness Of China Aid In Financing Development In Sudan
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper fills the gap in the Sudanese literature and discusses the effectiveness of Chinese aid for financing development in Sudan using new primary data at the micro level. The authors find...
Provided by United Nations University
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