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University of Michigan
(417 results)-
White Papers
The Growth In Social Security Benefits Among The Retirement Age Population From Increases In The Cap On Covered Earnings
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates how increases in the level of maximum earnings subject to the Social Security payroll tax have affected Social Security benefits and taxes. The analysis uses data from the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
The Effects Of The Financial Crisis On The Well-Being Of Older Americans: Evidence From The Cognitive Economics Study
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses the Cognitive Economics Study (CogEcon) to assess the effect of the financial crisis on the well-being of older Americans. Financial wealth fell by about 15 percent for the median...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Occupational Learning, Financial Knowledge, And The Accumulation Of Retirement Wealth
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper explores the relationship between general human capital investment, financial knowledge, occupational spillovers, and the accumulation of wealth in a primarily descriptive manner....
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
A New Universal Random-Coding Bound for Average Probability Error Exponent for Multiple-Access Channels
January 8, 2009, 12:00am PST
In this work, a new upper bound for average error probability of a two-user Discrete Memoryless (DM) Multiple-Access Channel (MAC) is derived. This bound can be universally obtained for all...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Scatter Networks: A New Approach for Analyzing Information Scatter
May 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Information on any given topic is often scattered across the Web. Previously this scatter has been characterized through the inequality of distribution of facts (i.e. pieces of information) across...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
The Value Of Financial Statement Verification In Debt Financing: Evidence From Private U.S. Firms
April 27, 2010, 12:00am PDT
I examine how the verification of financial statements influences lenders' debt pricing decisions. To do so, the author obtains access to a large proprietary database of privately-held U.S. firms,...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
A Simple Power Analysis Attack on the Serpent Key Schedule
September 24, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors describe an SPA attack on an 8-bit smart card implementation of the Serpent block cipher. The attack uses measurements taken during an on-the-fly key expansion together with linearity...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Harnessing Knowledge From Ad Hoc Queries by Creating a Zone of Standardization
November 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Business Intelligence drives strategic business decisions by providing timely and accurate information. Beneath the demand for constantly changing information-needs usually lay a highly complex...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
When Virtual Is Better Than Real
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This position paper argues that the operating system and applications currently running on a real machine should relocate into a virtual machine. This structure enables services to be added below...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Clouseau Evaluation for Peer-to-Peer Transfer Operations
May 5, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors evaluate whether Clouseau, a commercial product from SafeMedia, Inc., is effective in discriminating between risky and non-risky P2P operations. They construct a testbed and assess the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
DSearch: Distributed Search for a Personal Area Network
November 21, 2008, 12:00am PST
An increasing amount of data is being stored on mobile devices with growing storage capacity and functional specializations. As a result, searching through a user's distributed data set...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Robit: An Extensible Auction-Based Market Platform for Challenged Environments
July 30, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Open and competitive marketplaces, like those enabled by the internet, bring enormous value to consumers while fostering innovation and growth across a wide variety of businesses. Electronic...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
MobLab: A Mobility Emulation Platform
August 7, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Mobility powered systems provide the core routing mechanism in many adhoc and delay tolerant networks. Evaluating such systems under real life scenarios is often not practical because they involve...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
CapEst: Estimating Wireless Link Capacity in Multi-Hop Networks
January 17, 2011, 12:00am PST
Estimating link capacity in a wireless network is a complex task because the available capacity at a link is a function of not only the current arrival rate at that link, but also of the arrival...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Latency-Optimizing File Splitting for Transmission Over a Large Multi-Hop Network
February 10, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors consider the problem of latency-optimizing file splitting for transmission over a large multi-hop network. They utilize recent results from random matrix theory to analytically express...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Energy-Efficient Transmission Scheduling With Strict Underflow Constraints
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider a single source transmitting data to one or more receivers/users over a shared wireless channel. Due to random fading, the wireless channel conditions vary with time and from...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Optimal Stochastic Routing in Low Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks
November 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors study a routing problem in wireless sensor networks where sensors are duty-cycled. When sensors alternate between on and off modes, delay encountered in packet delivery due to loss in...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Power Allocation and Spectrum Sharing in Multi-User, Multi-Channel Systems With Strategic Users
February 9, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors consider the decentralized power allocation and spectrum sharing problem in multi-user, multichannel systems with strategic users. They resent a mechanism/game form that has the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Channel Estimation for Opportunistic Spectrum Sensing: Uniform and Random Sensing
February 2, 2010, 12:00am PST
The knowledge of channel statistics, as a result of random fading, interference, and primary user activities, can be very helpful for a secondary user in making sound opportunistic spectrum access...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Optimality of Myopic Sensing in Multi-Channel Opportunistic Access
September 26, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider opportunistic communications over multiple channels where the state ("Good" or "Bad") of each channel evolves as independent and identically distributed Markov processes. A...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Asymptotic Connectivity of Low Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors study the asymptotic connectivity of a low duty-cycled wireless sensor network, where all sensors are randomly duty-cycled such that they are on/active at any time with a...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Minimizing Power Consumption in Sensor Networks With Quality of Service Requirement
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Minimizing energy and power consumption in wireless sensor networks is critical in extending the lifetime of the network. In this paper the authors consider efficient power/rate allocation...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Do You Know Where Your Data's Been? - Tamper-Evident Database Provenance
July 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Database provenance chronicles the history of updates and modifications to data, and has received much attention due to its central role in scientific data management. However, the use of...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
SPAN: A Unified Framework and Toolkit for Querying Heterogeneous Access Policies
July 20, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Incorrect policy configurations are a major cause of security failures in large-scale systems. Policy analyzers and testing tools can help with this, but often the tools are specific to one type...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Strategic Modeling of Information Sharing Among Data Privacy Attackers
May 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Research in privacy-preserving data publishing has revealed the necessity of accounting for an adversary's background knowledge when reasoning about the protection afforded by various...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Private-Pond: Outsourced Management of Web Corpuses
June 28, 2009, 12:00am PDT
With the rise of cloud computing, it is increasingly attractive for end-users (organizations and individuals) to outsource the management of their data to a small number of large-scale service...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
A Spreadsheet Algebra for a Direct Data Manipulation Query Interface
October 30, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A spreadsheet-like "Direct manipulation" interface is more intuitive for many non-technical database users compared to traditional alternatives, such as visual query builders. The construction of...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Sensor Scheduling for Multi-Parameter Estimation Under an Energy Constraint
March 29, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider a sensor scheduling problem for estimating multiple independent Gaussian random variables under an energy constraint. The sensor measurements are described by a linear...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Counting Twig Matches in a Tree
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors describe efficient algorithms for accurately estimating the number of matches of a small node-labeled tree, i.e., a twig, in a large node-labeled tree, using a summary data structure....
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Multi-Channel Opportunistic Access: A Case of Restless Bandits With Multiple Plays
October 10, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper considers the following stochastic control problem that arises in opportunistic spectrum access: a system consists of n channels where the state ("Good" or "Bad") of each channel...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Does Low-Power Design Imply Energy Efficiency for Data Centers?
May 25, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Data center efficiency has quickly become a first-class design goal. In response, many studies have emerged from the academic community and industry using low-power design to help improve the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Towards a Scalable Data Center-Level Evaluation Methodology
February 23, 2011, 12:00am PST
As the popularity of Internet services continues to rise, the need to understand the design of the data center systems hosting these workloads becomes increasingly important. Unfortunately,...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Practical Off-Chip Meta-Data for Temporal Memory Streaming
December 12, 2008, 12:00am PST
Prior research demonstrates that temporal memory streaming and related address-correlating prefetchers improve performance of commercial server workloads through increased memory level...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Price Convergence And Market Integration In Russia
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
After a period of growing disconnectedness of regional markets following the 1992 price liberalization in Russia, a process of improvement in market integration started since about 1994. This...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
EU Enlargement And Monetary Regimes From The Insurance Model Perspectives
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Some ten years ago, Michael Dooley (Dooley, 1997; Dooley, 2000) put forward an insurance model of currency crises, which after some modifications gives a good theoretical basis for explanation of...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Pollution Abatement And Control Expenditure In Romania: A Multilevel Analysis
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The transition process in Central and Eastern Europe was associated with growing environmental awareness. This paper analyses the determinants of Pollution Abatement and Control Expenditure (PACE)...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Firm And Employee Effects Of An Enterprise Information System: Micro-econometric Evidence
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors investigate the impact of adopting an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system on performance changes and employee outcomes in a retail chain. They find that: sales and inventory...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
The VARying Effect Of Foreign Shocks In Central And Eastern Europe
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates the impact of international shocks - interest rate, commodity price and industrial production shocks - on key macroeconomic variables in ten Central and Eastern European...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Methodologies Of Analyzing Inter-regional Income Inequality And Their Applications To Russia
April 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper provides an overview of methodologies used to analyze inter-regional income inequality, and a critical survey of empirical studies that deal with Russian regions. It discusses...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
The Economic And Monetary Union's Effect On (International) Trade: The Case Of Slovenia Before Euro Adoption
April 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The main objective of the following paper is to present the key findings of the existent research in the field of the influence the introduction of the euro had on the trade of the member states...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Harnessing Knowledge From Ad Hoc Queries by Creating a Zone of Standardization
November 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Business Intelligence drives strategic business decisions by providing timely and accurate information. Beneath the demand for constantly changing information-needs usually lay a highly complex...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
A Simple Power Analysis Attack on the Serpent Key Schedule
September 24, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors describe an SPA attack on an 8-bit smart card implementation of the Serpent block cipher. The attack uses measurements taken during an on-the-fly key expansion together with linearity...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
The Value Of Financial Statement Verification In Debt Financing: Evidence From Private U.S. Firms
April 27, 2010, 12:00am PDT
I examine how the verification of financial statements influences lenders' debt pricing decisions. To do so, the author obtains access to a large proprietary database of privately-held U.S. firms,...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
Scatter Networks: A New Approach for Analyzing Information Scatter
May 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Information on any given topic is often scattered across the Web. Previously this scatter has been characterized through the inequality of distribution of facts (i.e. pieces of information) across...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
A New Universal Random-Coding Bound for Average Probability Error Exponent for Multiple-Access Channels
January 8, 2009, 12:00am PST
In this work, a new upper bound for average error probability of a two-user Discrete Memoryless (DM) Multiple-Access Channel (MAC) is derived. This bound can be universally obtained for all...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
Occupational Learning, Financial Knowledge, And The Accumulation Of Retirement Wealth
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper explores the relationship between general human capital investment, financial knowledge, occupational spillovers, and the accumulation of wealth in a primarily descriptive manner....
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
The Effects Of The Financial Crisis On The Well-Being Of Older Americans: Evidence From The Cognitive Economics Study
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper uses the Cognitive Economics Study (CogEcon) to assess the effect of the financial crisis on the well-being of older Americans. Financial wealth fell by about 15 percent for the median...
Provided by University of Michigan
-
White Papers
The Growth In Social Security Benefits Among The Retirement Age Population From Increases In The Cap On Covered Earnings
September 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper investigates how increases in the level of maximum earnings subject to the Social Security payroll tax have affected Social Security benefits and taxes. The analysis uses data from the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Participation And Contributions In Tax-Deferred Retirement Accounts: Evidence From Social Security Records
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Social Security Administration W-2 records contain employee annual tax-deferred contributions for 1990-2003 and sufficient information to calculate tax-deferred contributions for 1984-1989. The...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
The Capacity Region of a Collection of Multicast Sessions in an Undirected Ring Network
June 10, 2007, 12:00am PDT
A finite set of inequalities is given that characterizes the routing rate region for an undirected ring network in which the source and destination vertices of each communication session form a...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Security and Privacy in Emerging Wireless Networks
May 10, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Wireless communication continues to make in-roads into many facets of the society and gradually becomes more and more ubiquitous. While, in the past, wireless communication (as well as mobility)...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Privacy Issues and Human-Computer Interaction
February 27, 2008, 12:00am PST
Privacy can be a key aspect of the user experience with computers, online systems, and new technologies. Knowing what to consider about users and their views of computer systems can only improve...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
A Laplace Transform-Based Method to Stochastic Path Finding
February 15, 2009, 12:00am PST
Finding the most likely path satisfying a requested additive Quality-of-Service (QoS) value, such as delay, when link metrics are defined as random variables by known probability distributions is...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Analyzing Intrusions Using Operating System Level Information Flow
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Modern computer systems are under attack, making computer security an important topic to understand. Malicious people (called hackers or attackers) search for computer systems (hosts) that are...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Tolerating Latency in Replicated State Machines Through Client Speculation
February 27, 2009, 12:00am PST
Replicated state machines are an important and widely studied methodology for tolerating a wide range of faults. Unfortunately, while replicas should be distributed geographically for maximum...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Epoch Parallelism: One Execution Is Not Enough
September 12, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The conventional approach for using multiprocessors requires programmers to write correct, scalable parallel programs. Unfortunately, writing such programs remains a daunting task, despite decades...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Stochastic Queuing Simulation for Data Center Workloads
January 19, 2010, 12:00am PST
Data center systems and workloads are increasing in importance, yet there are few methods for evaluating potential changes to these systems. This paper introduces a new methodology for exascale...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Temporal Streams in Commercial Server Applications
July 25, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Commercial server applications remain memory bound on modern multiprocessor systems because of their large data footprints, frequent sharing, complex non-strided access patterns, and long chains...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
An Ultra Low Power SIMD Processor for Wireless Devices
November 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents an ultra low power programmable processor architecture for wireless devices that support 4G wireless communications and video decoding. To derive such an architecture, first...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Ascertaining the Reality of Network Neutrality Violation in Backbone ISPs
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
On the Internet today, a growing number of QoS sensitive network applications exist, such as VoIP, imposing more stringent requirements on ISPs besides the basic reachability assurance. Thus, the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Differentiated BGP Update Processing for Improved Routing Convergence
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Internet routers today can be overwhelmed by a large number of BGP updates triggered by events such as session resets, link failures, and policy changes. Such excessive updates can delay routing...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Tussle in Routing: Who Determines Internet Paths?
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
End-users today have little control over how traffic reaches the intended destination. Most end-users residing in edge networks just rely on their upstream provider to deliver outgoing traffic to...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
MIDAS: An Impact Scale for DDoS Attacks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors usually have well-defined classification scales to estimate the intensity and impact of natural disasters. Prominent examples are the Richter and the Fujita scales for measuring...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Effective Diagnosis of Routing Disruptions From End Systems
February 23, 2008, 12:00am PST
Internet routing events are known to introduce severe disruption to applications. So far effective diagnosis of routing events has relied on proprietary ISP data feeds, resulting in limited...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Peeking Into Spammer Behavior From a Unique Vantage Point
April 8, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Understanding the spammer behavior is a critical step in the long-lasting battle against email spams. Previous studies have focused on setting up honeypots or email sinkholes containing...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
On Network-Level Clusters for Spam Detection
March 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
IP-based blacklist is an effective way to filter spam emails. However, building and maintaining individual IP addresses in the blacklist is difficult, as new malicious hosts continuously appear...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Investigation of Triangular Spamming: A Stealthy and Efficient Spamming Technique
March 15, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Spam is increasingly accepted as a problem associated with compromised hosts or email accounts. This problem not only makes the tracking of spam sources difficult but also enables a massive amount...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
DAC: Distributed Asynchronous Cooperation for Wireless Relay Networks
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
Cooperative relay is a communication paradigm that aims to realize the capacity of multi-antenna arrays in a distributed manner. However, the symbol-level synchronization requirement among...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Do Innovative Workplace Practices Foster Mutual Gains? Evidence From Croatia
May 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
New survey data for more than 470 employees (more than 80% of production workers) in a single Croatian manufacturing firm exhibits large variation in participation in Innovative Work Practices...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Implications Of Bank Ownership For The Credit Channel Of Monetary Policy Transmission: Evidence From India
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Many developing and emerging markets have high degrees of state bank ownership. In addition, the recent global financial crisis has led to significant state ownership of banking assets in...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Unemployment And Finance: How Do Financial And Labour Market Factors Interact?
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Using annual data for 18 OECD countries over the period 1980-2004, the authors investigate how labor and financial factors interact to determine unemployment by estimating a dynamic panel model...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Identifying Social Entrepreneurs Serving The Poor At The BoP
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
The concept of social entrepreneurship as a characterization of social responsibility for business organizations has gained considerable popularity. There is growing belief in international...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Market Risk Dynamics And Competitiveness After The Euro
February 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors propose an empirical model that considers theoretical facts on the relationship between real exchange rates and the net exports of the economy to supplement the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
A 5.42nW/kB Retention Power Logic-Compatible Embedded DRAM With 2T Dual-Vt Gain Cell for Low Power Sensing Applications
January 13, 2011, 12:00am PST
A logic-compatible 2T dual-Vt embedded DRAM (eDRAM) is proposed for ultra-small sensing systems to achieve 8× longer retention time, 5× lower refresh power and 30% reduced area compared with the...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Testudo: Heavyweight Security Analysis Via Statistical Sampling
September 4, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Heavyweight security analysis systems, such as taint analysis and dynamic type checking, are powerful technologies used to detect security vulnerabilities and software bugs. Traditional software...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Impact Of Institutional Quality On Human Rights Abuses In Transition Economies
July 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Purpose of this paper is to examine the direct effects of institutional quality on human rights abuses in transition economies. The authors make use of an alternative empirical approach for...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Goods Market Integration In Russia during The Economic Upturn
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper obtains an evolving pattern of goods market integration in Russia, considering the period of economic upturn, since the second half of 2000 through the end of 2007. In an integrated...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Financial Development And Technology
June 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Research in development economics reveals that the bulk of cross-country differences in economic growth is attributable to differences in productivity. By some accounts, productivity contributes...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Stream Compilation for Real-Time Embedded Multicore Systems
March 30, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Multicore systems have not only become ubiquitous in the desktop and server worlds, but are also becoming the standard in the embedded space. Multicore offers programmability and flexibility over...
Provided by University of Michigan
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White Papers
Bridging the Computation Gap Between Programmable Processors and Hardwired Accelerators
December 11, 2008, 12:00am PST
New media and signal processing applications demand ever higher performance while operating within the tight power constraints of mobile devices. A range of hardware implementations is available...
Provided by University of Michigan
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