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University of Virginia
(137 results)-
White Papers
Research Challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are currently receiving significant attention due to their unlimited potential. However, it is still very early in the lifetime of such systems and many research...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Risks of Terrorism to Information Technology and to Critical Interdependent Infrastructures
December 21, 2004, 12:00am PST
When the operability of IT-based controls and equipment is affected by acts of terrorism, then the performance of critical interdependent infrastructures such as railroads, electric power grids,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Sensitivity Based Power Management of Enterprise Storage Systems
May 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Energy-efficiency is a key requirement in data centers today. Storage systems constitute a significant fraction of the energy consumed in a data center and therefore enterprise storage systems...
Provided by University of Virginia
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Whitepapers
Service Differentiation in Real-Time Main Memory Databases
November 7, 2007, 12:00am PST
The demand for real-time database services has been increasing recently. Examples include sensor data fusion, stock trading, decision support, web information services, and data-intensive smart...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Realistic and Efficient Multi-Channel Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks
January 15, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper demonstrates how to efficiently use multiple channels in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to improve communication performance. At first an empirical study of multi-channel realities is...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An Analysis of Mac OS X Leopard
June 3, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Here is an exhaustive study of Mac OS X Leopard along a specific set of metrics. The metrics include the overhead of kernel calls, context switches, page allocation, and file I/O. This operating...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Learning PDA Skills Online Is Feasible and Acceptable to Clerkship Students
December 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
It is feasible and acceptable to students to teach PDA decision support tools in an online course. In the setting, for the minority of students who chose to learn online, the format was successful...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A PDA-Based Counseling Tool for Improving Medical Student Smoking Cessation Counseling
May 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors' demonstrated improvement of SCC skills by third-year medical students using a workshop combined with a supplemental reference tool. However, a PDA-based tool did not increase key SCC...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
On Virtualizing Ethernet Switches
February 17, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors are interested in exploring how to virtualize network switches in order to create multiple logical switches from one physical switch. The motivation behind this is to be able to...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
QoS Support for Real-Time Databases
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
The confluence of computers, communications and databases is quickly creating a global virtual database where many applications require real-time access to both temporally accurate and multimedia...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
STAR: Secure Real-Time Transaction Processing With Timeliness Guarantees
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Real-time databases are needed in security-critical applications, e.g., e-commerce, agile manufacturing, and military applications. In these applications, transactions and data items can be...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Attainment of software performance assurances in open, largely unpredictable environments has recently become an important focus for real-time research. Unlike closed embedded systems, many...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper describes ALARM-NET, a wireless sensor network for assisted-living and residential monitoring. It integrates environmental and physiological sensors in a scalable, heterogeneous...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Fully Predictable HPC Infrastructure Using Admission Control With Virtualization
April 14, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Historically, batch scheduling has dominated in managing HPC workloads despite its unpredictability regarding job's wait time. Although existing researches such as reservation partially solved the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
CSAL: A Cloud Storage Abstraction Layer to Enable Portable Cloud Applications (work-in-Progress)
December 3, 2010, 12:00am PST
One of the large impediments for adoption of cloud computing is perceived vendor lock-in with respect to both low-level resource management and application level storage services. Application...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
EScience in the Cloud: A MODIS Satellite Data Reprojection and Reduction Pipeline in the Windows Azure Platform
April 23, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The combination of low-cost sensors, low-cost commodity computing, and the Internet is enabling a new era of data-intensive science. The dramatic increase in this data availability has created a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Rational Swarms for Distributed On-Line Search
December 30, 2007, 12:00am PST
This paper presents a novel scheme for distributed search in mobile sensors networks that is inspired by collective forms of intelligence present in many biological systems. Unlike the established...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Automatically Exporting TinyOS Modules as Web Services
March 2, 2010, 12:00am PST
As embedded devices become increasingly useful and ubiquitous, it will be important to incorporate them into enterprise applications through Web services and service-oriented architectures....
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Using Height Sensors for Biometric Identification in Multi-Resident Homes
February 12, 2010, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors evaluate the use of height for biometric identification of residents, by mounting ultrasonic distance sensors above the doorways in a home. Height sensors are cheap, are...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
QueueTrak: Automated Line Length Detection Using a Wireless Sensor Network
May 28, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes QueueTrak, an automated wireless sensor system designed to detect and report the length of lines in retail environments. QueueTrak has two components. First, it uses a series...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Melange: Supporting Heterogeneous QoS Requirements in Delay Tolerant Sensor Networks
April 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In sparse mobile sensor networks, nodes have a small number of neighbors with intermittent connectivity. This paper presents a new networking protocol for this type of network, aimed at maximizing...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
IAA: Interference Aware Anticipatory Algorithm for Scheduling and Routing Periodic Real-Time Streams in Wireless Sensor Networks
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper provides a polynomial time heuristic for the real-time communication scheduling problem in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Wireless networks add a new dimension to the real-time...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Towards Transient Fault Tolerance for Heterogeneous Computing Platforms
May 2, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The computing demands of applications coupled with the power wall problem in modern processors are expected to pave the way for heterogeneous computing platforms that are composed of a variety of...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Flashpower: A Detailed Power Model for Nand Flash Memory
December 9, 2009, 12:00am PST
Flash memory is widely used in consumer electronics products, such as cell-phones and music players, and is increasingly displacing hard disk drives as the primary storage device in laptops,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
MIDAS: An Execution-Driven Simulator for Active Storage Architectures
May 23, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Many applications today are highly data intensive and have stringent performance requirements. In order to meet the performance demands of these applications, the authors need to optimize both the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Object Localization Using RFID
April 17, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Object localization is a key primitive in pervasive computing environments, where numerous applications depend on the rapid and accurate position estimation of objects. This paper presents a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
On Mitigating Covert Channels in RFID-Enabled Supply Chains
December 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
In a competitive business environment, RFID technology can help a business to optimize its supply chain. However, it may also enable an adversary using covert channels to surreptitiously learn...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Bandwidth Allocation in Hexagonal Wireless Sensor Networks for Real-Time Communications
January 21, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper presents an algorithm for bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The solution considers both periodic as well as a periodic real-time...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
ACR: Active Collision Recovery in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
Packet collision causes packet loss and wastes resources in wireless networks. It becomes even worse in dense WSNs, due to burst-traffic and congestion around sinks. In this paper, the authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Bundle: A Group Based Programming Abstraction for Cyber Physical Systems
February 15, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper describes a novel group based programming abstraction called a 'Bundle' for Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). Similar to other programming abstractions, a Bundle creates logical collections...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
SenQ: An Embedded Query System for Streaming Data in Heterogeneous Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks
April 7, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) manifest diverse application architectures, hardware capabilities, and user interactions that challenge existing centralized, or VM-based query system...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Performance Analysis of Group Based Detection for Sparse Sensor Networks
February 20, 2008, 12:00am PST
In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of group based detection in sparse sensor networks, when the system level detection decision is made based on the detection reports generated...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
On Composability of Localization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
May 13, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Realistic, complex, outdoor environments pose significant challenges for node localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. In spite of the fact that many elegant and clever solutions have been...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
QeDB: A Quality-Aware Embedded Real-Time Database
February 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
QeDB is a database for data-intensive real-time applications running on flash memory-based embedded systems. Currently, databases for embedded systems are best effort, providing no guarantees on...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An In-Field-Maintenance Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
April 3, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper introduces a framework for in-field-maintenance services for wireless sensor networks. The motivation of this work is driven by an observation that many applications using wireless...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Predictive Dependency Constraint Directed Self-Healing for Wireless Sensor Networks
April 8, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Wireless sensor networks are now being considered for mission critical applications, which are often largely unattended and need to operate reliably for years. However, due to the real world...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Context-Aware Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring
May 16, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Improving the quality of healthcare and the prospects of "Aging in place" using wireless sensor technology requires solving difficult problems in scale, energy management, data access, security,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer-Derived Posture Information
February 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
Falls are dangerous for the aged population as they can adversely affect health. Therefore, many fall detection systems have been developed. However, prevalent methods only use accelerometers to...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Intra-Disk Parallelism: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
February 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Power is a big problem in data centers and a significant fraction of this power is consumed by the storage system. Server storage systems use a large number of disks to achieve high performance,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Relaxing Non-Volatility for Fast and Energy-Efficient STT-RAM Caches
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology that is a potential universal memory that could replace SRAM in processor caches. This paper presents a novel...
Provided by University of Virginia
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Whitepapers
Service Differentiation in Real-Time Main Memory Databases
November 7, 2007, 12:00am PST
The demand for real-time database services has been increasing recently. Examples include sensor data fusion, stock trading, decision support, web information services, and data-intensive smart...
Provided by University of Virginia
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Whitepapers
BES++: HPC Profile Open Source C Implementation
April 25, 2008, 12:00am PDT
While existing resource management software systems each have distinct and advanced capabilities, the way in which a user submits a basic job is generally similar across resource management...
Provided by University of Virginia
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Whitepapers
Assessing the Value of Cloudbursting: A Case Study of Satellite Image Processing on Windows Azure
December 8, 2011, 12:00am PST
To perform computational experiments at greater scale and in less time, enterprises are increasingly looking to dynamically expand their computing capabilities through the temporary addition of...
Provided by University of Virginia
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Whitepapers
A Model and Decision Procedure for Data Storage in Cloud Computing
May 16, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Cloud computing offers many possibilities for prospective users; there are however many different storage and compute services to choose from between all the cloud providers and their multiple...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Specification Mining With Few False Positives
January 21, 2009, 12:00am PST
Formal specifications can help with program testing, optimization, refactoring, documentation, and, most importantly, debugging and repair. Unfortunately, formal specifications are difficult to...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Syntactic Regression Testing for Tree-Structured Output
September 23, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Regression testing is used by software developers to ensure that program modifications have not negatively impacted the correctness of code. While regression testing has been successfully applied...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Human Study of Fault Localization Accuracy
October 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Localizing and repairing defects are critical software engineering activities. Not all programs and not all bugs are equally easy to debug, however. They present formal models, backed by a human...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Synthesizing API Usage Examples
March 19, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Key program interfaces are sometimes documented with usage examples: concrete code snippets that characterize common use cases for a particular data type. While such documentation is known to be...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Systematic Study of Automated Program Repair: Fixing 55 Out of 105 Bugs for $8 Each
March 29, 2012, 12:00am PDT
There are more bugs in real-world programs than human programmers can realistically address. This paper evaluates two research questions: "What fraction of bugs can be repaired automatically?" and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Why Aren't HTTP-Only Cookies More Widely Deployed?
April 30, 2010, 12:00am PDT
HTTP-only cookies were introduced eight years ago as a simple way to prevent cookie-stealing through cross-site scripting attacks. Adopting HTTP-only cookies seems to be an easy task with no...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Evaluating the Impact of Dynamic Binary Translation Systems on Hardware Cache Performance
July 21, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Dynamic binary translation systems enable a wide range of applications such as program instrumentation, optimization, and security. DBTs use a software code cache to store previously translated...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Code Lifetime-Based Memory Reduction for Virtual Execution Environments
March 21, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The need for adaptability in a rapidly expanding embedded systems market makes it important to design Virtual Execution Environments (VEEs) specifically targeting embedded platforms. The authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Contention-Aware Scheduling of Parallel Code for Heterogeneous Systems
January 31, 2010, 12:00am PST
A typical consumer desktop computer has a multi-core CPU with at least two and possibly up to eight processing elements over two processors, and a multi-core GPU with up to 512 processing...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Dynamic Program Analysis of Microsoft Windows Applications
January 29, 2010, 12:00am PST
Software instrumentation is a powerful and flexible technique for analyzing the dynamic behavior of programs. By inserting extra code in an application, it is possible to study the performance and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Reactive Unobtrusive Prefetcher for Multicore and Manycore Architectures
June 4, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Processor performance continues to out pace memory performance by a large margin. The growing popularity of multi-core and many-core architectures further exacerbates this problem. The challenge...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Where Is the Data? Why You Cannot Debate CPU Vs. GPU Performance Without the Answer
February 24, 2011, 12:00am PST
General Purpose GPU Computing (GPGPU) has taken off in the past few years, with great promises for increased desktop processing power due to the large number of fast computing cores on high-end...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Cross-Layer Approach to Heterogeneity and Reliability
June 15, 2009, 12:00am PDT
As modern hardware becomes increasingly complex, it becomes more difficult to create efficient software for common computing workloads. One way to manage this complexity is to employ holistic...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Improving Indirect Branch Translation in Dynamic Binary Translators
February 17, 2011, 12:00am PST
Dynamic Binary Translators (DBTs) have a wide range of applications including program instrumentation, dynamic optimization, and security. One of the main issues with DBTs is their performance...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Improving Region Selection Through Loop Completion
February 17, 2011, 12:00am PST
Dynamic binary translation is a powerful technique for program analysis and modification that operates on binary code as it executes, thus availing itself of information only available at...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Design of a Custom VEE Core in a Chip Multiprocessor
May 28, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Chip multiprocessors provide an opportunity for continuing performance growth in the face of limited single-thread parallelism. Although the best design path for such chips remains open,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Challenges and Opportunities at All Levels: Interactions Among Operating Systems, Compilers, and Multicore Processors
May 7, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The tremendous advances in process technology have opened the doors to many opportunities, but have also introduced a wealth of challenges. On one hand, microprocessor designers can pack several...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessor Design for Virtual Machines
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Multi-core architectures provide an alternative to increasing clock frequencies to improve performance of modern processors. The best design for these chip multiprocessors, including structure...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Protocols for Secure Multi-party Computation: Design, Implementation and Performance Evaluation
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Protocols for secure multi-party computation allow participants to share a computation while each party learns only what can be inferred from their own inputs and the output of the computation....
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Eliminating Voltage Emergencies Via Software-Guided Code Transformations
August 9, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In recent years, circuit reliability in modern high-performance processors has become increasingly important. Shrinking feature sizes and diminishing supply voltages have made circuits more...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Extending SAT Solvers to Cryptographic Problems
March 16, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Cryptography ensures the con confidentiality and authenticity of information but often relies on unproven assumptions. SAT solvers are a powerful tool to test the hardness of certain problems and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Meeting Virtual Organization Performance Goals Through Adaptive Grid Reconfiguration
September 21, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In order for Grids to become relied upon for critical infrastructure and reliable scientific computing, Grid-wide management must be automated so that it is possible in quickly and comprehensively...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Quantitative Analysis of High Performance Computing With Amazon's EC2 Infrastructure: The Death of the Local Cluster?
October 15, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The introduction of affordable infrastructure on demand, specifically Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), has had a significant impact in the business IT community and provides reasonable and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
SenQ: An Extensible Query System for Streaming Data in Heterogeneous Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) manifest diverse sensors and dynamic user interactions. To support data collection and processing in such heterogeneous systems, the authors created...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Communication Architecture and Programming Abstractions for Real-Time Embedded Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Data distribution in embedded real-time sensor networks requires new protocols and programming environments that achieve time-sensitive message delivery and provide useful abstractions to the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An Entity Maintenance and Connection Service for Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
In this paper, the authors present a middleware architecture for coordination services in sensor networks that facilitates interaction between groups of sensors which monitor different...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Joint Sink Mobility and Data Diffusion for Lifetime Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks
June 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors address the problem of lifetime optimization under storage constraint for wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink node. The problem is particularly challenging since...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Traffic-Aware Channel Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks
May 28, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Existing frequency assignment efforts in wireless sensor network research focus on balancing available physical frequencies among neighboring nodes, without paying attention to the fact that...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Virtual Full Replication for Scalable and Adaptive Real-Time Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
June 4, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Sensor networks have limited resources and often support large-scale applications that need scalable propagation of sensor data to users. The authors propose a whiteboard style of communication in...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
PRIDE: A Data Abstraction Layer for Large-Scale 2-Tier Sensor Networks
May 4, 2009, 12:00am PDT
It is a challenging task to provide timely access to global data from sensors in large-scale sensor network applications. Current data storage architectures for sensor networks have to make...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Event-Based Location Dependent Data Services in Mobile WSNs
June 3, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Mobile sensors are widely deployed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to satisfy emerging application requirements. Specifically, processing location dependent queries in mobile WSNs is still a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Design of an Architecture for Multiple Security Levels in Wireless Sensor Networks
April 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
With the increased application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in military, commercial, and home environments, securing the data in the network is a critical issue. Several security mechanisms,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Robust Data and Event Services in Real-Time Embedded Sensor Network Systems
June 8, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The majority of event detection in real-time embedded sensor network systems is based on data fusion that uses noisy sensor data collected from complicated real-world environments. Current...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Event Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks - Can Fuzzy Values Be Accurate?
June 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Event detection is a central component in numerous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. In spite of this, the area of event description has not received enough attention. The majority of...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Applicability of the Willow Architecture for Cloud Management
December 12, 2010, 12:00am PST
The differences between grids and clouds arguably include objectives, organization, scale, and workload. By examining these fundamental characteristics and requirements in detail, the authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Fault Tolerance and Scaling in e-Science Cloud Applications: Observations From the Continuing Development of MODISAzure
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
It can be natural to believe that many of the traditional issues of scale have been eliminated or at least greatly reduced via cloud computing. That is, if one can create a seemingly...
Provided by University of Virginia
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