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University of Virginia
(139 results)-
White Papers
Security Through Redundant Data Diversity
June 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Unlike other diversity-based approaches, N-variant systems thwart attacks without requiring secrets. Instead, they use redundancy (to require an attacker to simultaneously compromise multiple...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Privacy Through Noise: A Design Space for Private Identification
September 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
To protect privacy in large systems, users should be able to authenticate against a central server without disclosing their identity to others. Private identification protocols based on public key...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Sub-0.5V Lattice-Based Public-Key Encryption Scheme for RFID Platforms in 130nm CMOS
February 3, 2011, 12:00am PST
Implementing public-key cryptography on passive RFID tags is very challenging due to the limited die size and power available. Typical public-key algorithms require complex logical components such...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Hiding in Groups: On the Expressiveness of Privacy Distributions
May 3, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Many applications inherently disclose information because perfect privacy protection is prohibitively expensive. RFID tags, for example, cannot be equipped with the cryptographic primitives needed...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
CMP Design Space Exploration Subject to Physical Constraints
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper explores the multi-dimensional design space for chip multiprocessors, exploring the inter-related variables of core count, pipeline depth, superscalar width, L2 cache size, and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Remote Rendering for Ultrascale Data
July 7, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The mission of the SciDAC Institute for Ultrascale Visualization is to address the upcoming petascale visualization challenges. As the authors move to petascale computation, they are seeing a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Formal Verification by Reverse Synthesis
May 30, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In this paper the authors describe a novel yet practical approach to the formal verification of implementations. The approach splits verification into two major parts. The first part verifies an...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An Approach on Hardware Design for Computationally Intensive Image Processing Applications Based on Light Field Refocusing Algorithm
June 17, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes the performance analysis of the light field refocusing algorithm running on different hardware specifications, including the Intel Pentium 4, SSE2(Streaming SIMD Extensions),...
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White Papers
ParaWeaver: Performance Evaluation on Programming Models for Fine Grained Threads
May 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
There is a trend towards multicore or manycore processors in computer architecture design. In addition, several parallel programming models have been introduced. Some extract concurrent threads...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Feasibility of Dynamic Binary Parallelization
April 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
This paper proposes DBP, an automatic technique that transparently parallelizes a sequential binary executable while it is running. A prototype implementation in simulation was able to increase...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An Analysis of Using High-Frequency Sinusoidal Illumination to Measure the 3D Shape of Translucent Objects
March 25, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Using optical triangulation methods to measure the shape of translucent objects is difficult because subsurface scattering contaminates measurements of the "Direct" reflection at the surface. A...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Data Services in Distributed Real-Time Embedded Systems
June 17, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The computing systems are becoming deeply embedded into ordinary life and interact with physical processes and events. They monitor the physical world with sensors and provide appropriate reaction...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Kicking The Dog: Korea's Bureaucratic Resistance To Globalization In Reaction To Democratization
June 15, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Seven years have passed since the Korean economy was engulfed by the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Arguably, the country is still not fully recovered from the catastrophe almost a decade later. In...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Looking For Local Labor-Market Effects Of The NAFTA
December 16, 2010, 12:00am PST
Using US Census data for 1990 and 2000, the authors estimate effects of the NAFTA agreement on the US wages. They look for any indication of effects of the agreement on local labor markets...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Gravity In International Finance
January 8, 2010, 12:00am PST
The past decade has witnessed an explosion of papers estimating gravity equations for cross-border financial holdings. While traditionally the territory of the international trade literature, this...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Shouting To Be Heard In Advertising
December 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Advertising competes for consumer attention, but attention is scarce. More profitable senders send more messages to break through the clutter. There may be multiple equilibria: more messages in...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Cloud Auto-Scaling With Deadline and Budget Constraints
August 13, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Clouds have become an attractive computing platform which offers on-demand computing power and storage capacity. Its dynamic scalability enables users to quickly scale up and scale down underlying...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Early Observations on the Performance of Windows Azure
April 27, 2010, 12:00am PDT
A significant open issue in cloud computing is performance. Few, if any, cloud providers or technologies offer quantitative performance guarantees. Regardless of the potential advantages of the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Fault Tolerance and Scaling in e-Science Cloud Applications: Observations From the Continuing Development of MODISAzure
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
It can be natural to believe that many of the traditional issues of scale have been eliminated or at least greatly reduced via cloud computing. That is, if one can create a seemingly...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Applicability of the Willow Architecture for Cloud Management
December 12, 2010, 12:00am PST
The differences between grids and clouds arguably include objectives, organization, scale, and workload. By examining these fundamental characteristics and requirements in detail, the authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Event Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks - Can Fuzzy Values Be Accurate?
June 22, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Event detection is a central component in numerous Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. In spite of this, the area of event description has not received enough attention. The majority of...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Robust Data and Event Services in Real-Time Embedded Sensor Network Systems
June 8, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The majority of event detection in real-time embedded sensor network systems is based on data fusion that uses noisy sensor data collected from complicated real-world environments. Current...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Design of an Architecture for Multiple Security Levels in Wireless Sensor Networks
April 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
With the increased application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in military, commercial, and home environments, securing the data in the network is a critical issue. Several security mechanisms,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Event-Based Location Dependent Data Services in Mobile WSNs
June 3, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Mobile sensors are widely deployed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to satisfy emerging application requirements. Specifically, processing location dependent queries in mobile WSNs is still a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
PRIDE: A Data Abstraction Layer for Large-Scale 2-Tier Sensor Networks
May 4, 2009, 12:00am PDT
It is a challenging task to provide timely access to global data from sensors in large-scale sensor network applications. Current data storage architectures for sensor networks have to make...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Virtual Full Replication for Scalable and Adaptive Real-Time Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
June 4, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Sensor networks have limited resources and often support large-scale applications that need scalable propagation of sensor data to users. The authors propose a whiteboard style of communication in...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Traffic-Aware Channel Assignment in Wireless Sensor Networks
May 28, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Existing frequency assignment efforts in wireless sensor network research focus on balancing available physical frequencies among neighboring nodes, without paying attention to the fact that...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Joint Sink Mobility and Data Diffusion for Lifetime Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks
June 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors address the problem of lifetime optimization under storage constraint for wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink node. The problem is particularly challenging since...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An Entity Maintenance and Connection Service for Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
In this paper, the authors present a middleware architecture for coordination services in sensor networks that facilitates interaction between groups of sensors which monitor different...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Communication Architecture and Programming Abstractions for Real-Time Embedded Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Data distribution in embedded real-time sensor networks requires new protocols and programming environments that achieve time-sensitive message delivery and provide useful abstractions to the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
SenQ: An Extensible Query System for Streaming Data in Heterogeneous Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) manifest diverse sensors and dynamic user interactions. To support data collection and processing in such heterogeneous systems, the authors created...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Quantitative Analysis of High Performance Computing With Amazon's EC2 Infrastructure: The Death of the Local Cluster?
October 15, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The introduction of affordable infrastructure on demand, specifically Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), has had a significant impact in the business IT community and provides reasonable and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Dynamic Security and QoS Adaptation in Real-Time Embedded Systems
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
A number of Real-Time Embedded Systems (RTESs) are used to manage critical infrastructure such as electric grids or C4I systems. In these systems, it is essential to meet deadlines, for example,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Meeting Virtual Organization Performance Goals Through Adaptive Grid Reconfiguration
September 21, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In order for Grids to become relied upon for critical infrastructure and reliable scientific computing, Grid-wide management must be automated so that it is possible in quickly and comprehensively...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Extending SAT Solvers to Cryptographic Problems
March 16, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Cryptography ensures the con confidentiality and authenticity of information but often relies on unproven assumptions. SAT solvers are a powerful tool to test the hardness of certain problems and...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Eliminating Voltage Emergencies Via Software-Guided Code Transformations
August 9, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In recent years, circuit reliability in modern high-performance processors has become increasingly important. Shrinking feature sizes and diminishing supply voltages have made circuits more...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Protocols for Secure Multi-party Computation: Design, Implementation and Performance Evaluation
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Protocols for secure multi-party computation allow participants to share a computation while each party learns only what can be inferred from their own inputs and the output of the computation....
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessor Design for Virtual Machines
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Multi-core architectures provide an alternative to increasing clock frequencies to improve performance of modern processors. The best design for these chip multiprocessors, including structure...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Challenges and Opportunities at All Levels: Interactions Among Operating Systems, Compilers, and Multicore Processors
May 7, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The tremendous advances in process technology have opened the doors to many opportunities, but have also introduced a wealth of challenges. On one hand, microprocessor designers can pack several...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Design of a Custom VEE Core in a Chip Multiprocessor
May 28, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Chip multiprocessors provide an opportunity for continuing performance growth in the face of limited single-thread parallelism. Although the best design path for such chips remains open,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Thermal Modeling and Management of Microprocessors
May 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The most recent, and arguably one of the most difficult obstacles to the exponential growth in transistor density predicted by Moore's Law is that of removing the large amount of heat generated...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Automated Dynamic Analysis of CUDA Programs
March 17, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Recent increases in the programmability and performance of GPUs have led to a surge of interest in utilizing them for general-purpose computations. Tools such as NVIDIA's Cuda allow programmers to...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Leveraging Memory Level Parallelism Using Dynamic Warp Subdivision
April 2, 2009, 12:00am PDT
SIMD organizations have shown to allow high throughput for data-parallel applications. They can operate on multiple datapaths under the same instruction sequencer, with its set of operations...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Enabling Task Parallelism in the CUDA Scheduler
July 31, 2009, 12:00am PDT
General purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) introduces the challenge of scheduling independent tasks on devices designed for data parallel or SPMD applications. This paper...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accurate, Pre-RTL Temperature-Aware Design Using a Parameterized, Geometric Thermal Model
April 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Preventing silicon chips from negative, even disastrous thermal hazards has become increasingly challenging these days; considering thermal effects early in the design cycle is thus required. To...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Differentiating the Roles of IR Measurement and Simulation for Power and Temperature-Aware Design
October 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
In temperature-aware design, the presence or absence of a heatsink fundamentally changes the thermal behavior with important design implications. In recent years, chip-level InfraRed (IR) thermal...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Avoiding Cache Thrashing Due to Private Data Placement in Last-Level Cache for Manycore Scaling
October 12, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Without high-bandwidth broadcast, large numbers of cores require a scalable point-to-point interconnect and a directory protocol. In such cases, a shared, inclusive Last Level Cache (LLC) can...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Performance Study for Iterative Stencil Loops on GPUs With Ghost Zone Optimizations
June 15, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Iterative Stencil Loops (ISLs) are used in many applications and tiling is a well-known technique to localize their computation. When ISLs are tiled across a parallel architecture, there are...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Performance Modeling and Automatic Ghost Zone Optimization for Iterative Stencil Loops on GPUs
June 12, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Iterative Stencil Loops (ISLs) are used in many applications and tiling is a well-known technique to localize their computation. When ISLs are tiled across a parallel architecture, there are...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Federation: Out-of-Order Execution Using Simple In-Order Cores
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Manycore architectures with dozens, hundreds, or thousands of threads are likely to use single-issue, in-order execution cores with simple pipelines but multiple thread contexts per core. This...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Hierarchical Domain Partitioning for Hierarchical Architectures
August 5, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The history of parallel computing shows that good performance is heavily dependent on data locality. Prior knowledge of data access patterns allows for optimizations that reduce data movement,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accelerating Compute-Intensive Applications With GPUs and FPGAs
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Accelerators are special purpose processors designed to speed up compute-intensive sections of applications. Two extreme endpoints in the spectrum of possible accelerators are FPGAs and GPUs,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accelerating Leukocyte Tracking Using CUDA: A Case Study in Leveraging Manycore Coprocessors
May 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The availability of easily programmable manycore CPUs and GPUs has motivated investigations into how to best exploit their tremendous computational power for scientific computing. Here the authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
A Performance Study of General Purpose Applications on Graphics Processors
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Graphic Processors Unit (GPUs), with many light-weight data-parallel cores, can provide substantial parallel computational power to accelerate general purpose applications. To best utilize the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Programming With Relaxed Streams
April 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Diminishing returns in single thread performance have forced a reevaluation of priorities in microprocessor design. Recent architectures have foregone deeper pipelining in favor of multiple cores...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Autonomous Defenses for Security Attacks in Pervasive CPS Infrastructure
July 13, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computation with sensing, control, and physical systems and will enable development of next-generation services and smart infrastructure across many...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Balancing Soft Error Coverage With Lifetime Reliability in Redundantly Multithreaded Processors
June 12, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Silicon reliability is a key challenge facing the micro-processor industry. Processors need to be designed such that they are resilient against both soft errors and lifetime reliability phenomena....
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accelerating Enterprise Solid-State Disks With Non-Volatile Merge Caching
June 11, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Flash memory is now widely used in the design of Solid-State Disks (SSDs) as they are able to sustain significantly higher I/O rates than even high-performance hard disks, while using...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Relaxing Non-Volatility for Fast and Energy-Efficient STT-RAM Caches
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology that is a potential universal memory that could replace SRAM in processor caches. This paper presents a novel...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Intra-Disk Parallelism: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
February 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Power is a big problem in data centers and a significant fraction of this power is consumed by the storage system. Server storage systems use a large number of disks to achieve high performance,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer-Derived Posture Information
February 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
Falls are dangerous for the aged population as they can adversely affect health. Therefore, many fall detection systems have been developed. However, prevalent methods only use accelerometers to...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Context-Aware Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring
May 16, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Improving the quality of healthcare and the prospects of "Aging in place" using wireless sensor technology requires solving difficult problems in scale, energy management, data access, security,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Predictive Dependency Constraint Directed Self-Healing for Wireless Sensor Networks
April 8, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Wireless sensor networks are now being considered for mission critical applications, which are often largely unattended and need to operate reliably for years. However, due to the real world...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
An In-Field-Maintenance Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
April 3, 2008, 12:00am PDT
This paper introduces a framework for in-field-maintenance services for wireless sensor networks. The motivation of this work is driven by an observation that many applications using wireless...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
QeDB: A Quality-Aware Embedded Real-Time Database
February 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
QeDB is a database for data-intensive real-time applications running on flash memory-based embedded systems. Currently, databases for embedded systems are best effort, providing no guarantees on...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
On Composability of Localization Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
May 13, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Realistic, complex, outdoor environments pose significant challenges for node localization in Wireless Sensor Networks. In spite of the fact that many elegant and clever solutions have been...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Performance Analysis of Group Based Detection for Sparse Sensor Networks
February 20, 2008, 12:00am PST
In this paper, the authors analyze the performance of group based detection in sparse sensor networks, when the system level detection decision is made based on the detection reports generated...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
SenQ: An Embedded Query System for Streaming Data in Heterogeneous Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks
April 7, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Interactive Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) manifest diverse application architectures, hardware capabilities, and user interactions that challenge existing centralized, or VM-based query system...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Bundle: A Group Based Programming Abstraction for Cyber Physical Systems
February 15, 2010, 12:00am PST
This paper describes a novel group based programming abstraction called a 'Bundle' for Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). Similar to other programming abstractions, a Bundle creates logical collections...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
ACR: Active Collision Recovery in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
Packet collision causes packet loss and wastes resources in wireless networks. It becomes even worse in dense WSNs, due to burst-traffic and congestion around sinks. In this paper, the authors...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Bandwidth Allocation in Hexagonal Wireless Sensor Networks for Real-Time Communications
January 21, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper presents an algorithm for bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The solution considers both periodic as well as a periodic real-time...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
On Mitigating Covert Channels in RFID-Enabled Supply Chains
December 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
In a competitive business environment, RFID technology can help a business to optimize its supply chain. However, it may also enable an adversary using covert channels to surreptitiously learn...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Object Localization Using RFID
April 17, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Object localization is a key primitive in pervasive computing environments, where numerous applications depend on the rapid and accurate position estimation of objects. This paper presents a...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
MIDAS: An Execution-Driven Simulator for Active Storage Architectures
May 23, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Many applications today are highly data intensive and have stringent performance requirements. In order to meet the performance demands of these applications, the authors need to optimize both the...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Flashpower: A Detailed Power Model for Nand Flash Memory
December 9, 2009, 12:00am PST
Flash memory is widely used in consumer electronics products, such as cell-phones and music players, and is increasingly displacing hard disk drives as the primary storage device in laptops,...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Towards Transient Fault Tolerance for Heterogeneous Computing Platforms
May 2, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The computing demands of applications coupled with the power wall problem in modern processors are expected to pave the way for heterogeneous computing platforms that are composed of a variety of...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
IAA: Interference Aware Anticipatory Algorithm for Scheduling and Routing Periodic Real-Time Streams in Wireless Sensor Networks
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper provides a polynomial time heuristic for the real-time communication scheduling problem in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Wireless networks add a new dimension to the real-time...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Melange: Supporting Heterogeneous QoS Requirements in Delay Tolerant Sensor Networks
April 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In sparse mobile sensor networks, nodes have a small number of neighbors with intermittent connectivity. This paper presents a new networking protocol for this type of network, aimed at maximizing...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
QueueTrak: Automated Line Length Detection Using a Wireless Sensor Network
May 28, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes QueueTrak, an automated wireless sensor system designed to detect and report the length of lines in retail environments. QueueTrak has two components. First, it uses a series...
Provided by University of Virginia
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White Papers
Using Height Sensors for Biometric Identification in Multi-Resident Homes
February 12, 2010, 12:00am PST
In this paper the authors evaluate the use of height for biometric identification of residents, by mounting ultrasonic distance sensors above the doorways in a home. Height sensors are cheap, are...
Provided by University of Virginia
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