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Virginia Tech
(87 results)-
White Papers
Data Quality Written By: Kyoungho Ahn, Hesham Rakha, and David Hill
September 2, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Traffic data collection, within the context of transportation operation and management, is becoming an increasingly valuable asset for today's transportation arena. Significant traffic data have...
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White Papers
MOON: MapReduce on Opportunistic eNvironments
April 24, 2010, 12:00am PDT
MapReduce offers an ease-of-use programming paradigm for processing large data sets, making it an attractive model for distributed volunteer computing systems. However, unlike on dedicated...
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White Papers
Method of High-Speed Data Acquisition and Continuous Data Transfer Using Altera Stratix II EP2S60 DSP Development Board
April 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Ethernet has become a standard data transport paradigm for embedded systems in many applications since the transport technology is cheap, abundant, mature and reliable. This paper has implemented...
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White Papers
Cross-Layer Optimization for UWB-Based Ad Hoc Networks
July 30, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors consider a UWB-based ad hoc network and study how to maximize data rate utility for a group of communication sessions. They formulate the data rate utility problem into...
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White Papers
Optimal Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Hop Software Defined Radio Networks
March 5, 2008, 12:00am PST
Software Defined Radio (SDR) capitalizes advances in signal processing and radio technology and is capable of reconfiguring RF and switching to desired frequency bands. It is a frequency-agile...
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White Papers
A Pluggable Framework for Parallel Pairwise Sequence Search
June 22, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The current and near future of the computing industry is one of multi-core and multi-processor technology. Most existing sequence-search tools have been designed with a focus on single-core,...
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White Papers
To GPU Synchronize or Not GPU Synchronize?
March 8, 2010, 12:00am PST
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has evolved from being a fixed-function processor with programmable stages into a programmable processor with many fixed-function components that deliver massive...
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White Papers
Inter-Block GPU Communication Via Fast Barrier Synchronization
March 28, 2010, 12:00am PDT
While GPGPU stands for General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units, the lack of explicit support for inter-block communication on the GPU arguably hampers its broader adoption as a...
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White Papers
On the Goodput of TCP NewReno in Mobile Networks
May 15, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Next-generation wireless networks such as LTE and WiMax can achieve throughputs of several Mbps with TCP. These higher throughputs, however, can easily be destroyed by frequent handoffs, which...
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White Papers
A First Look at Integrated GPUs for Green High-Performance Computing
July 14, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has evolved from a single-purpose graphics accelerator to a tool that can greatly accelerate the performance of High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications....
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White Papers
On the Robust Mapping of Dynamic Programming Onto a Graphics Processing Unit
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been widely used to accelerate algorithms that exhibit massive data parallelism or task parallelism. When such parallelism is not inherent in an algorithm,...
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White Papers
CPU MISER: A Performance-Directed, Run-Time System for Power-Aware Clusters
June 13, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Performance and power are critical design constraints in today's high-end computing systems. Reducing power consumption without impacting system performance is a challenge for the HPC community....
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White Papers
Knowing Where Your Input Is From: Kernel-Level Data-Provenance Verification
April 20, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes a cryptographic provenance verification approach for ensuring system properties and system-data integrity at kernel-level. Its two concrete applications are demonstrated in...
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White Papers
Accelerator-Oriented Algorithm Transformation for Temporal Data Mining
July 24, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Temporal data mining algorithms are becoming increasingly important in many application domains including computational neuroscience, especially the analysis of spike train data. While application...
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White Papers
Compositional Specification and Realization of Mixed-Initiative Web Dialogs
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The authors present DialogXML a markup language approach to specifying and realizing mixed-initiative web dialogs on mobile devices. By capturing the functional structure of the dialog independent...
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White Papers
Discovering Excitatory Networks From Discrete Event Streams With Applications to Neuronal Spike Train Analysis
September 30, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Mining temporal network models from discrete event streams is an important problem with applications in computational neuroscience, physical plant diagnostics, and human-computer interaction...
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White Papers
Optimizing Performance, Cost, and Sensitivity in Pairwise Sequence Search on a Cluster of PlayStations
December 3, 2008, 12:00am PST
The Smith-Waterman algorithm is a dynamic programming method for determining optimal local alignments between nucleotide or protein sequences. However, it suffers from quadratic time and space...
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White Papers
A Maintainable Software Architecture for Fast and Modular Bioinformatics Sequence Search
July 6, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Bioinformatics use the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) to characterize an unknown sequence by comparing it against a database of known sequences, thus detecting evolutionary...
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White Papers
Maintainable and Reusable Scientific Software Adaptation
December 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
Scienti c software must be adapted for different execution environments, problem sets, and available resources to ensure its efficiency and reliability. Although adaptation patterns can be found...
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White Papers
Overcoming JVM HotSwap Constraints Via Binary Rewriting
September 9, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Java HotSpot VM provides a facility for replacing classes at runtime called HotSwap. One design property of HotSwap is that the signature of a replaced class must remain the same between different...
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White Papers
Enhancing Source-Level Programming Tools With an Awareness of Transparent Program Transformations
May 14, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Programs written in managed languages are compiled to a platform-independent intermediate representation, such as Java byte code. The relative high level of Java byte code has engendered a...
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White Papers
Remote Batch Invocation for Compositional Object Services
April 21, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Because Remote Procedure Calls do not compose efficiently, designers of distributed object systems use Data Transfer and Remote Facade patterns to create large-granularity interfaces, hard-coded...
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White Papers
Explicit Batching for Distributed Objects
February 9, 2009, 12:00am PST
Although distributed object systems, for example RMI and CORBA, enable object-oriented programs to be easily distributed across a network, achieving acceptable performance usually requires...
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White Papers
Flexible and Efficient In-Vivo Enhancement for Grid Applications
February 26, 2009, 12:00am PST
In a grid application, some requirements may change while the execution is in progress. This paper presents in vivo enhancement - updating running grid applications to facilitate their perfective...
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White Papers
Dynamic Software Updates for Parallel High Performance Applications
July 26, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Despite using multiple concurrent processors, a typical high performance parallel application is long-running, taking hours, even days to arrive at a solution. To modify a running high performance...
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White Papers
Reusable Software Components for Accelerator-Based Clusters
September 27, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The emerging accelerator-based heterogeneous clusters, comprising specialized processors such as the IBM Cell and GPUs, have exhibited excellent price to performance ratio as well as high...
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White Papers
Reusable Enterprise Metadata With Pattern-Based Structural Expressions
January 10, 2010, 12:00am PST
An essential part of modern enterprise software development is metadata. Mainstream metadata formats, including XML deployment descriptors and Java 5 annotations, suffer from a number of...
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White Papers
Dynamic Software Updates for Accelerating Scientific Discovery
February 12, 2009, 12:00am PST
Distributed parallel applications often run for hours or even days before arriving to a result. In the case of such long-running pro-grams, the initial requirements could change after the program...
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White Papers
Efficient Automated Marshaling of C++ Data Structures for MPI Applications
February 6, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors present an automated approach for marshaling C++ data structures in High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. The approach utilizes a graphical editor through which the user can...
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White Papers
DeXteR - An Extensible Framework for Declarative Parameter Passing in Distributed Object Systems
October 13, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In modern distributed object systems, reference parameters are passed to a remote method based on their runtime type. The authors argue that such type-based parameter passing is limiting with...
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White Papers
DR-OSGi: Hardening Distributed Components With Network Volatility Resiliency
August 20, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Because middleware abstractions remove the need for low-level network programming, modern distributed component systems ex-pose network volatility (i.e., frequent but intermittent outages) as...
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White Papers
Asymmetric Interactions in Symmetric Multi-Core Systems: Analysis, Enhancements and Evaluation
August 4, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Multi-core architectures have spurred the recent rapid growth in high-end computing systems. While the vast majority of such multi-core processors contain symmetric hardware components, their...
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White Papers
GePSeA: A General-Purpose Software Acceleration Framework for Lightweight Task Offloading
September 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Specialized hardware accelerators have helped to improve application performance for many years. And as the authors scale to hundreds and thousands of cores, complex tasks, such as advanced...
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White Papers
Enabling Renewed Innovation in TCP by Establishing an Isolation Boundary
November 24, 2010, 12:00am PST
The growth of the Internet has ushered in and established the "Information Age". However, its success has also arguably increased the difficulty of incorporating innovative changes that are needed...
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White Papers
Enhancing MapReduce Via Asynchronous Data Processing
November 14, 2010, 12:00am PST
The MapReduce programming model simplifies large-scale data processing on commodity clusters by having users specify a map function that processes input key/value pairs to generate intermediate...
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White Papers
On the Energy Efficiency of Graphics Processing Units for Scientific Computing
February 15, 2009, 12:00am PST
The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has emerged as a computational accelerator that dramatically reduces the time to discovery in High-End Computing (HEC). However, while today's state-of-the-art...
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White Papers
Detecting the Onset of Infection for Secure Hosts
June 30, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Software flaws in applications such as a browser may be exploited by attackers to launch Drive-By-Download (DBD), which has be-come the major vector of malware infection. The authors describe a...
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White Papers
User-Behavior Based Detection of Infection Onset
October 13, 2010, 12:00am PDT
A major vector of computer infection is through exploiting software or design flaws in networked applications such as the browser. Malicious code can be fetched and executed on a victim's machine...
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White Papers
Emerging From the MIST: A Connector Tool for Supporting Programming by Non-Programmers
April 5, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Software development is an iterative process. As user requirements emerge software applications must be extended to support the new requirements. Typically, a programmer will add new code to an...
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White Papers
CampProf: A Visual Performance Analysis Tool for Memory Bound GPU Kernels
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Current GPU tools and performance models provide some common architectural insights that guide the programmers to write optimal code. The authors challenge these performance models, by modeling...
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White Papers
Understanding the Tenets of Agile Software Engineering: Lecturing, Exploration and Critical Thinking
February 19, 2010, 12:00am PST
The use of agile principles and practices in software development is becoming a powerful force in today's workplace. In the authors' quest to develop better products, therefore, it is imperative...
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White Papers
Preemption, Fairness, and Security Dynamics in Heterogeneous DSA Environments
June 29, 2011, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors study how key dynamic spectrum access operating parameters impact radios' ability to fairly access wireless spectrum. Additionally they investigate intentional spectrum...
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White Papers
Timing-And Termination-Sensitive Secure Information Flow: Exploring a New Approach
March 7, 2011, 12:00am PST
Secure information flow guarantees the secrecy and integrity of data, preventing an attacker from learning secret information (secrecy) or injecting untrusted information (integrity). Covert...
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White Papers
MeshTest: Laboratory-Based Wireless Testbed for Large Topologies
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Mobile, ad-hoc, wireless networks offer an interesting paradigm for ubiquitous connectivity. They have many proposed applications, and with every application come new protocols. To test such...
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White Papers
Dynamic Spectrum Access: The Capacity Trade-off
May 28, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Since 2000, cognitive radio has slowly been moving from theory into reality. One major driving force for that is a tangible commercial application for cognitive radio, the most major of which is...
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White Papers
Achievable Capacity Under the Interference Temperature Model
May 22, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The Interference Temperature Model was proposed by the FCC in 2003 as a way to dynamically manage and allocate spectrum resources. It would allow unlicensed radios to sense their current RF...
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White Papers
Delay-Tolerant Network Experiments on the MeshTest Wireless Testbed
May 11, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are a class of networks in which a contemporaneous end-to-end path from source to destination generally does not exist. Such networks often use on a...
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White Papers
Using Localized Random Walks to Model Delay-Tolerant Networks
September 21, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Mobile Wireless Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are wireless networks that suffer from intermittent connectivity, but enjoy the benefit of mobile nodes that can store, carry, and forward packets or...
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White Papers
An Anti-Jamming Strategy for Channel Access in Cognitive Radio Networks
September 14, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors address an anti-jamming strategy of channel access for secondary user in a cognitive radio network when some idle channels of the primary user are being jammed in each time slot. Given...
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White Papers
Formalizing the Interference Temperature Model
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
To combat recent spectral overcrowding in unlicensed bands, the FCC has been investigating new ways to manage RF resources. The idea is to let people use licensed frequencies, provided they can...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Cooperative Communications in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks: Joint Flow Routing and Relay Node Assignment
December 23, 2009, 12:00am PST
It has been shown that Cooperative Communications (CC) have the potential to significantly increase the capacity of wireless networks. However, most of the existing results are limited to...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Link Adaptation in Cellular Radio Networks
January 3, 2008, 12:00am PST
Game theory is a promising approach for the system-level analysis of power control in wireless networks. This paper extends game-theoretic analysis to the study of link adaptation, which involves...
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White Papers
Environmentally-Friendly Secondary Network Topology Control for Minimizing Outage Potential
August 20, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Much of the focus in dynamic spectrum access has been on detection of primary users prior to channel occupation by secondary users as well as expediently vacating channels in the event that...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Architecture and Performance of an Island Genetic Algorithm-Based Cognitive Network
October 8, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper describes architecture for a node in a cognitive network that employs distributed learning and reasoning. The authors present the architecture and describe a method of distributed...
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White Papers
Channel Allocation for Dynamic Spectrum Access Cognitive Networks Using Localized Island Genetic Algorithm
January 16, 2009, 12:00am PST
In the authors' demonstration, they show how cognitive radios can be organized to form a cooperative ad-hoc cognitive radio network that utilizes the available spectrum opportunistically and...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
RTQG: Real-Time Quorum-Based Gossip Protocol for Unreliable Networks
January 2, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors consider scheduling real-time tasks in the presence of message loss and Byzantine node failures in unreliable networks. They present scheduling algorithms called RTQG and RTQG-B. The...
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White Papers
RTRD: Real-Time and Reliable Data Delivery in Ad Hoc Networks
October 2, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors present a reliable real-time data delivery (communication) mechanism for ad-hoc networks, called RTRD. The mechanism makes use of a proactive wireless routing protocol...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Energy Efficient Sleep Scheduling Based on Moving Directions in Target Tracking Sensor Network
October 8, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper presents a Target Direction-based Sleep Scheduling algorithm (TDSS) to enhance the energy efficiency for a mobile target tracking surveillance sensor network. TDSS combines the working...
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White Papers
Energy Efficient Sleep Scheduling in Sensor Networks for Multiple Target Tracking
February 24, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper presents an energy-aware, sleep scheduling algorithm called SSMTT to support multiple target tracking sensor networks. SSMTT leverages the awakening result of interfering targets to...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Rate Allocation With Lifetime Maximization and Fairness for Data Aggregation in Sensor Networks
May 30, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider the rate allocation problem for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks with two objectives: maximizing the lifetime of a local aggregation cluster and achieving fairness...
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White Papers
On a Self-Organizing MANET Event Routing Architecture With Causal Dependency Awareness
July 29, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Publish/Subscribe (P/S) is a communication paradigm of growing popularity for information dissemination in large-scale distributed systems. The strong decoupling between information producers and...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
SOQ: A Service-Oriented Quorum-Based Protocol for Resilient Real-Time Communication in Partitionable Networks
June 2, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider efficient real-time communication mechanisms for applications in unreliable and partitionable networks, where network partitions can occur unpredictably and nodes can join and...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
CQS-Pair: Cyclic Quorum System Pair for Wakeup Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks
September 16, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Due to the heterogeneous power-saving requirement in wireless sensor networks, the authors propose the Cyclic Quorum System Pair (CQS-Pair) which can guarantee that two asynchronous nodes adopting...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
On Multihop Broadcast Over Adaptively Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks
March 29, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider the problem of multi-hop broadcast over adaptively duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) where neighborhood nodes are not simultaneously awake. They present Hybrid-cast,...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Completely Distributed Particle Filters for Target Tracking in Sensor Networks
May 13, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Particle Filters (or PFs) are widely used for the tracking problem in dynamic systems. Despite their remarkable tracking performance and flexibility, PFs require intensive computation and...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Verification and Validation of Smartphone Sensor Networks
February 14, 2011, 12:00am PST
This paper introduces a subset of mobile wireless sensor networks, called smartphone sensor networks, where large numbers of smartphone devices cooperate to perform sensing tasks. While these...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
CATCH: A Cloud-Based Adaptive Data Transfer Service for HPC
March 11, 2011, 12:00am PST
Modern High Performance Computing (HPC) applications process very large amounts of data. A critical research challenge lies in transporting input data to the HPC center from a number of...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Power Efficient Coded 4-PAM OFDM for High Rate Data Links
October 13, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the best solutions for wideband communication applications. M-ary PAM - OFDM achieves comparable power and bandwidth efficiencies with...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Space-Time Network Coding With Optimal Node Selection for Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Networks
June 23, 2011, 12:00am PDT
In a wireless network with multiple Amplify-and-Forward (AF) nodes, the many-to-many cooperative communication is achieved through the novel concept of Space-Time Network Coding with Optimal Node...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
K2C: Cryptographic Cloud Storage With Lazy Revocation and Anonymous Access
July 21, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Security and privacy concerns hinder the adoption of cloud storage and computing in sensitive environments. The authors present a user-centric privacy-preserving cryptographic access control...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Theoretical Results on Base Station Movement Problem for Sensor Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
The benefits of using mobile base station to prolong sensor network lifetime have been well recognized. However, due to the complexity of the problem (time-dependent network topology and traffic...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
On Scalable Synchronization for Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems
May 25, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider the problem of programming distributed embedded real-time systems with distributed dependencies. They show that the de facto standard of using locks and condition variables in...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Early and Often: Bringing More Parallelism Into Undergraduate Computer Science Curricula
September 15, 2010, 12:00am PDT
In view of recent industry shifts towards both multi-core processors and applications of distributed computing through techniques such as map-reduce, the question naturally arises: how can...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Strategies for Preparing Computer Science Students for the Multicore World
August 12, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors are motivated to teach more parallelism and concurrency in CS courses because of the necessary shift by hardware manufacturers towards multi-core computer design. For over four...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Culturally Infused Social Network Analysis
May 18, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Social networks are an important way to represent and analyze social phenomena. One aspect that is critical in order to provide relevant and useful analyses is the capability to infuse culture...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Optimal Power Control for Multi-Hop Software Defined Radio Networks
March 19, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a revolution in radio technology that promises unprecedented flexibility in radio communications and is viewed as an enabling technology for dynamic spectrum...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Multitouch Tables for Collaborative Object-Based Learning
February 11, 2011, 12:00am PST
Multitouch technology on tabletop displays allows children to interact with digital objects in collaborative activities. This paper explores both evolutions in hardware and opportunities in...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Comparing Gesture and Touch for Notification System Interactions
November 7, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors explore some of the characteristics of multimodal input interaction spaces for notification systems within a multi-tasking environment like a command and control center using two...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Increasing the Sensitivity of On-Chip Digital Thermal Sensors With Pre-Filtering
May 15, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Thermal monitoring has been broadly used to protect high-end integrated circuits from over-heating and to identify hot-spots in complex circuits. In this paper, the authors present a method to...
Provided by Virginia Tech
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White Papers
Design With Race-Free Hardware Semantics
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Most hardware description languages do not enforce determinacy, meaning that they may yield races. Race conditions pose a problem for the implementation, verification, and validation of hardware....
Provided by Virginia Tech
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