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Yale University
(180 results)-
White Papers
Is Reliability a Curse? Outsourcing Restoration Services for Infrequent, High-Impact Equipment Failures
November 17, 2008, 12:00am PST
Firms in industries such as aerospace and defense, high-tech manufacturing, and telecommunications rely on functioning mission-critical equipment and cannot afford significant operational downtime...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Network Routing Topology Inference from End-to-End Measurements
February 24, 2008, 12:00am PST
Inference of the routing topology and link performance from a node to a set of other nodes is an important component of network monitoring and application design. This paper proposes a general...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
On Self Adaptive Routing in Dynamic Environments - An Evaluation and Design Using a Simple, Probabilistic Scheme
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Recently authors have seen an emergent trend of self adaptive routing in both Internet and wireless ad hoc networks. Although there are previous methods for computing the traffic equilibria of...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Optimal Bandwidth Choice for Interval Estimation in GMM Regression
May 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
In time series regression with nonparametric ally auto correlated errors, it is now standard empirical practice to construct confidence intervals for regression coefficients on the basis of...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Proportional Fairness in Multi-Rate Wireless LANs
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
In multi-rate wireless LANs, throughput-based fair bandwidth allocation can lead to drastically reduced aggregate throughput. To balance aggregate throughput while serving users in a fair manner,...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
IPack: In-Network Packet Mixing for High Throughput Wireless Mesh Networks
December 15, 2008, 12:00am PST
Major barrier for the adoption of wireless mesh networks is severe limits on throughput. Many in-network packet mixing techniques at the network layer, as well as the physical layer have been...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
LTML - A Language for Representing Semantic Web Service Workflow Procedures
October 2, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The Learnable Task Modeling Language (LTML) was developed by combining features of OWL, OWL-S, and PDDL, using a more compact and readable syntax than OWL/RDF to create human readable...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Network Localization in Partially Localizable Networks
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Knowing the positions of the nodes in a network is essential to many next generation pervasive and sensor network functionalities. Although many network localization systems have recently been...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Non-Compete Covenants: Incentives To Innovate Or Impediments To Growth
November 15, 2009, 12:00am PST
The authors find that the enforcement of non-compete clauses significantly impedes entrepreneurship and employment growth. Based on a panel of metropolitan areas in the United States from 1993 to...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Usability of Browser-Based Tools for Web-Search Privacy
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Web search is currently a source of growing concern about personal privacy. It is an essential and central part of most users' activity online and therefore one through which a significant amount...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Life Cycle Cost Disclosure,Consumer Behavior, And Business Implications
February 18, 2010, 12:00am PST
Comprehensive assessments of final consumption have identified "Housing" as a major contributor to total environmental impacts. Do consumers opt for more energy-efficient household appliances if...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Weak Updates and Separation Logic
August 16, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Separation logic provides a simple but powerful technique for reasoning about low-level imperative programs that use shared data structures. Unfortunately, separation logic supports only "Strong...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Concurrent Separation Logic With Weak Updates
April 15, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Concurrent Separation Logic (CSL) provides a simple but powerful technique for reasoning about shared-memory concurrent programs. Unfortunately, CSL and separation logic can only support "Strong...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Estimating Operational Risk For Hedge Funds
January 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Using a complete set of the SEC filing information on hedge funds (Form ADV) and the TASS data, the authors develop a quantitative model called the รน-Score to measure hedge fund operational risk....
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Participatory Decision Making: A Field Experiment On Manipulating The Votes
August 23, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Many believe that deliberative democracy, where individuals discuss alternatives before voting on them, should result in collectively superior outcomes because voters become better informed and...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Low Interest Rates And High Asset Prices: An Interpretation In Terms Of Changing Popular Models
October 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
There has been a widespread perception in the past few years that long-term asset prices are generally high because monetary authorities have effectively kept long-term interest rates, which the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Collateralized Debt Obligations And Credit Risk Transfer
October 26, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Financial institutions face five major risks: credit, interest rate, price, currency, and liquidity. The development of the derivatives markets prior to 1990 provided financial institutions with...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
A Positive Theory Of Income Taxation Where Politicians Focus Upon Swing And Core Voters
February 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors construct an equilibrium model of party competition, in which parties are especially concerned with their core and swing voters, concerns which American political scientists have...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Understanding Sectoral Labor Market Dynamics: An Equilibrium Analysis Of The Oil And Gas Field Services
March 2, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the response of employment and wages in the US oil and gas field services industry to changes in the price of crude petroleum using a time series of quarterly data spanning the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Affective Decision Making And The Ellsberg Paradox
August 18, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Affective decision-making is a strategic model of choice under risk and uncertainty where the authors posit two cognitive processes - the "Rational" and the "Emotional" process. Observed choice is...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
A Dynamic Analysis Of Human Welfare In A Warming Planet
August 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions have caused atmospheric concentrations with no precedents in the last half a million years, inducing serious uncertainties about future climates and...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Innovation And Equilibrium?
September 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
A discussion is given of the problems involved in the formal modeling of the innovation process. The link between innovation and finance is stressed. The nature of how the circular flow of funds...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Financial Control Of A Competitive Economy Without Randomness
October 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The monetary and fiscal control of a simple economy without outside randomness is studied here from the micro-economic basis of a strategic market game. The government's bureaucracy is treated as...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Soft Budgets And Renegotiations In Public-Private Partnerships
August 21, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly used to provide infrastructure services. Even though PPPs have the potential to increase efficiency and improve resource allocation, contract...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Targeting In Advertising Markets: Implications For Offline Vs. Online Media
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
The authors develop a model with many heterogeneous advertisers (products) and advertising markets (media). Each advertiser has a different consumer segment for its product, and each medium has a...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Affective Decision-Making: A Theory Of Optimism-Bias
March 30, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Optimism-bias is inconsistent with the independence of decision weights and payoffs found in models of choice under risk, such as expected utility theory and prospect theory. Hence, to explain the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Revealed Preferences For Risk And Ambiguity
November 15, 2010, 12:00am PST
The authors replicate the essentials of the Huettel et al. (2006) experiment on choice under uncertainty with 30 Yale undergraduates, where subjects make 200 pair wise choices between risky and...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Cost Innovation: Schumpeter And Equilibrium. Part 1. Robinson Crusoe
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Modifying a parallel dynamic programming approach to a simple deterministic economy, the authors consider the effect of an innovation in the means of production. The success of the innovation is...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Ownership And Control In The Entrepreneurial Firm: An International History Of Private Limited Companies
December 4, 2007, 12:00am PST
The authors use the history of Private Limited Liability Companies (PLLCs) to challenge two pervasive assumptions in the literature: Anglo-American legal institutions were better for economic...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Borders, Market Size And Urban Growth, The Case Of Saxon Towns And The Zollverein In The 19th Century
December 1, 2008, 12:00am PST
Changes in trade institutions, such as the abolishment of tariff barriers, have a potentially strong impact on economic development. The Zollverein, the 1834 customs union between German states,...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Economics, Area Studies And Human Development
July 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
This paper suggests that area studies and economics have a better chance to be married successfully if the authors shift the attention from the exclusive emphasis on economic growth towards...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Did the Cooperative Start Life As A Joint-Stock Company? Business Law And Cooperatives In Spain, 1869 - 1931
June 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Papers of Spanish cooperatives date their spread from the Law on Agrarian Syndicates of 1906. But the first legislative appearance of cooperatives is an 1869 measure that permitted general...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Country Patterns Of Behavior On Broader Dimensions Of Human Development
November 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
This paper adopts a more expansive definition of Human Development than that encompassed by the Human Development Index in order to explore diverse country patterns of behavior in relation to...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Understanding Sectoral Labor Market Dynamics: An Equilibrium Analysis Of The Oil And Gas Field Services Industry
March 2, 2008, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the response of employment and wages in the US oil and gas field services industry to changes in the price of crude petroleum using a time series of quarterly data spanning the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Remittances And Growth In Latin America: A Panel Unit Root And Panel Cointegration Analysis
June 1, 2008, 12:00am PDT
Using recently developed panel unit root and panel co-integration tests and the Fully-Modified OLS (FMOLS) methodology, this paper estimates the impact of remittances on the economic growth of...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Does Public Investment Enhance Labor Productivity Growth In Argentina? A Cointegration Analysis
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth and labor productivity in Argentina. Following the lead of the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
What's Advertising Content Worth? Evidence From A Consumer Credit Marketing Field Experiment
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Firms spend billions of dollars each year advertising consumer products in order to influence demand. Much of these outlays are on the creative design of advertising content. Creative content...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Is There Surplus Labor In Rural India?
October 1, 2010, 12:00am PDT
The authors show empirically using panel data at the plot and farm level and based on a model incorporating supervision costs, risk, credit-market imperfections and scale-economies associated with...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Extractable Perfectly One-Way Functions
April 30, 2008, 12:00am PDT
The authors propose a new cryptographic primitive, called extractable perfectly one-way (EPOW) functions. Like perfectly One-Way (POW) functions, EPOW functions are Probabilistic functions that...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Obfuscating Point Functions With Multibit Output
February 3, 2008, 12:00am PST
The authors construct obfuscators of point functions with multibit output and other related functions. A point function with multibit output returns a fixed string on a single input point and zero...
Provided by Yale University
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Whitepapers
Plugging Side-Channel Leaks With Timing Information Flow Control
May 16, 2012, 12:00am PDT
The cloud model's dependence on massive parallelism and resource sharing exacerbates the security challenge of timing side-channels. Timing Information Flow Control (TIFC) is a novel adaptation of...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Icebergs in the Clouds: The Other Risks of Cloud Computing
May 17, 2012, 12:00am PDT
Cloud computing is appealing from management and efficiency perspectives, but brings risks both known and unknown. Well-known and hotly-debated information security risks, due to software...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
An Architecture for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Data Flows in Sensor Networks
September 28, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, driven primarily from the authors' experiences with experimental deployments, their propose an architecture that enables the dynamic manipulation of data-flows inside sensor...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Don't Configure the Network, Program It! Domain-Specific Programming Languages for Network Systems
July 10, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Network operators must configure networks to accomplish critical, complex, and often conflicting requirements: they must ensure good performance while maintaining security, and satisfy contractual...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
FORBID: Cope With Byzantine Behaviors in Wireless Multi-Path Routing and Forwarding
January 8, 2012, 12:00am PST
Consider multi-path routing and forwarding scenarios in wireless ad hoc networks. Rational and Byzantine nodes both might deviate from the protocol. However, their intentions and behaviors are...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
An Achievable Rate Region for the Broadcast Channel With Feedback
May 13, 2011, 12:00am PDT
A single-letter achievable rate region is proposed for the two-receiver discrete memory-less broadcast channel with noiseless or noisy feedback. The coding strategy involves block-Markov...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Deterministic OpenMP for Race-Free Parallelism
April 20, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Recent deterministic parallel programming models show promise for their ability to replay computations and reproduce bugs, but they currently require the programmer to adopt restrictive or...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Minion - An All-Terrain Packet Packhorse to Jump-Start Stalled Internet Transports
June 26, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Transport layer evolution is stuck. A proliferation of middleboxes in the Internet has shifted the waist of the hourglass upward from IP to include legacy transports. While popular for many...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Generalized Second Price Auction in Multi-Path Routing With Selfish Nodes
July 27, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors model the multi-path routing with selfish nodes as an auction and provide a novel solution from the game theoretical perspective. By adapting the idea of Generalized Second Price (GSP)...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Cross-Layer Mac Design for Bandwidth Allocation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
June 25, 2009, 12:00am PDT
To support rate allocation schemes for wireless ad hoc networks at the MAC layer, a cross-layer MAC protocol is proposed in this paper to coordinate transmissions among flows and guarantee their...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
High-Throughput Routing With Superposition Coding and Successive Interference Cancellation
February 7, 2011, 12:00am PST
Network coding aware routing protocols have been an interesting research topic in recent years. In this paper, the authors explore similar routing gains with physical layer coding techniques. A...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Securitization: The Tool Of Financial Transformation
October 26, 2009, 12:00am PDT
Securitization as a financial instrument has had an extremely significant impact on the world's financial system. First, by integrating capital markets and the uses of resources such as mortgage...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Tax Expense Surprises And Future Returns
December 1, 2007, 12:00am PST
The authors investigate whether surprises in quarterly tax expense predict future returns, after controlling for surprises in after-tax book income. They find that seasonally-differenced quarterly...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Nickels Versus Black Swans: Reputation, Trading Strategies And Asset Prices
March 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper analyzes a model of fund managers' reputation concerns. It explains why "Nickel strategies" (strategies that earn small positive returns most of the time but occasionally lead to...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Should Benchmark Indices Have Alpha? Revisiting Performance
December 31, 2008, 12:00am PST
Standard Fama-French and Carhart models produce economically and statistically significant nonzero alphas even for passive benchmark indices such as the S&P 500 and Russell 2000. The authors find...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Is Noise Trading Cancelled Out By Aggregation?
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Conventional wisdom suggests that investors' independent biases should cancel each other out and have little impact on equilibrium at the aggregate level. In contrast to this intuition, this paper...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Investor Expectations, Business Conditions, And The Pricing Of Beta-instability Risk
January 21, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper examines the pricing implications of time-variation in assets' market betas over the business cycle in a conditional CAPM framework. The authors use a half century of real GDP growth...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Adaptive Experimental Design Using The Propensity Score
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
Many social experiments are run in multiple waves, or are replications of earlier social experiments. In principle, the sampling design can be modified in later stages or replications to allow for...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Commitment Contracts
October 1, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors review the theoretical and empirical literature on commitment devices. A commitment device is any arrangement, entered into by an individual, with the aim of making it easier to...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Structural Change In Transition Economies: Does Foreign Aid Matter?
December 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
This paper addresses whether the initial declines in the manufacturing and real wages in transition economies were anything unexpected to justify policy reversal, and whether the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Microeconomics Of Technology Adoption
January 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
There is an emerging consensus among macro-economists that differences in technology across countries account for the major differences in per-capita GDP and the wages of workers with similar...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Natural Disasters In A Two-sector Model Of Endogenous Growth
November 9, 2010, 12:00am PST
Using an endogenous growth model with physical and human capital accumulation, this paper considers the sustainability of economic growth when the use of a polluting input (e.g., fossil fuels)...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Tranching, CDs And Asset Prices: How Financial Innovation Can Cause Bubbles And Crashes
July 23, 2011, 12:00am PDT
The authors show how the timing of financial innovation might have contributed to the mortgage boom and then to the bust of 2007-2009. They study the effect of leverage, tranching, securitization...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
How Financial Literacy And Impatience Shape Retirement Wealth And Investment Behaviors
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Two competing explanations for why consumers have trouble with financial decisions are gaining momentum. One is that people are financially illiterate since they lack understanding of simple...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Preventing Active Timing Attacks in Low-Latency Anonymous Communication
April 26, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Low-latency anonymous communication protocols in general and the popular onion-routing protocol in particular, are broken against simple timing attacks. While there have been few proposed...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
On Self Adaptive Routing in Dynamic Environments- An Evaluation and Design Using a Simple, Probabilistic Scheme
January 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Recently the authors have seen an emergent trend of self adaptive routing in both Internet and wireless ad hoc networks. Although there are previous methods for computing the traffic equilibria of...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Eyo: Device-Transparent Personal Storage
April 27, 2011, 12:00am PDT
Users increasingly store data collections such as digital photographs on multiple personal devices, each of which typically offers a storage management interface oblivious to the contents of the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Microeconomic Approaches To Development: Schooling, Learning, And Growth
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
The author illustrates the variety of approaches to development issues microeconomists employ, focusing on studies that illuminate and quantify the major mechanisms posited by growth theorists who...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
More Anonymous Onion Routing Through Trust
April 28, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors consider using trust information to improve the anonymity provided by onion-routing networks. In particular, they introduce a model of trust in network nodes and use it to design...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Efficient System-Enforced Deterministic Parallelism
September 21, 2010, 12:00am PDT
Deterministic execution offers many benefits for debugging, fault tolerance, and security. Current methods of executing parallel programs deterministically, however, often incur high costs, allow...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Robust Implementation In Direct Mechanisms
January 1, 2009, 12:00am PST
A social choice function is robustly implementable if there is a mechanism under which the process of iteratively eliminating strictly dominated messages leads to outcomes that agree with the...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Cost Innovation: Schumpeter And Equilibrium - Part 1: Robinson Crusoe
March 1, 2011, 12:00am PST
Modifying a parallel dynamic programming approach to a simple deterministic economy, the authors consider the effect of an innovation in the means of production. The success of the innovation is...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Tilted Nonparametric Estimation Of Volatility Functions With Empirical Applications
July 17, 2010, 12:00am PDT
This paper proposes a novel positive nonparametric estimator of the conditional variance function without reliance on logarithmic or other transformations. The estimator is based on an empirical...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Marshall~s Theory Of Value And The Strong Law Of Demand
July 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The authors show that all the fundamental properties of competitive equilibrium in Marshall's theory of value, as presented in Note XXI of the mathematical appendix to his Principles of Economics...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
United States Courts And The Optimal Deterrence Of International Cartels: A Welfarist Perspective On Empagran
July 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
E. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran S.A. concerned a private antitrust suit for damages against a global vitamins cartel. The central issue in the litigation was whether foreign plaintiffs...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Probabilistic Sophistication And Stochastic Monotonicity In The Savage Framework
August 1, 2007, 12:00am PDT
Machina & Schmeidler (1992) show that probabilistic sophistication can be obtained in a Savage setting without imposing expected utility by dropping Savage's axiom P2 (sure-thing principle) and...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
An Economy With Personal Currency: Theory And Experimental Evidence
March 1, 2010, 12:00am PST
Is personal currency issued by participants sufficient to operate an economy efficiently, with no outside or government money? Sahi and Yao (1989) and Sorin (1996) constructed a strategic market...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Three Minimal Market Institutions With Human And Algorithmic Agents: Theory And Experimental Evidence
June 26, 2009, 12:00am PDT
The authors define and examine the performance of three minimal strategic market games (sell-all, buy-sell, and double auction) in laboratory relative to the predictions of theory. Unlike open or...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
Reputation Effects And Equilibrium Degeneracy In Continuous-time Games
August 27, 2007, 12:00am PDT
The authors study a class of continuous-time reputation games between a large player and a population of small players in which the actions of the large player are imperfectly observable. The...
Provided by Yale University
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White Papers
On Rate Optimality For Ill-posed Inverse Problems In Econometrics
September 10, 2007, 12:00am PDT
In this paper, the authors clarify the relations between the existing sets of regularity conditions for convergence rates of NonParametric Indirect Regression (NPIR) and NonParametric Instrumental...
Provided by Yale University
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