An Assessment Methodology of Implantable Medical Device EMI Due to RFID Reader/Writers Based Upon the Three-Dimensional EMF Distribution Measurement

ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI) from commercially available RFID reader/writers on implantable cardiac pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) were investigated. The author has carried out detailed in-vitro experiments to assess the EMI due to RFID reader/writers for implantable medical devices (RFID/IMD-EMI). In this paper, an assessment methodology for the RFID/IMD-EMI based on three-dimensional EMF measurement of the RFID reader/writer antenna is proposed. The assessment results obtained by the new methodology are presented.