APT: A Practical Tunneling Architecture for Routing Scalability

this paper present APT (A Practical Tunneling architecture), a design for a concrete realization of the Map & Encap scheme. APT is designed to be a complete solution to the routing scalability problem as posed in. APT uses a hybrid push-pull model to distribute mapping information, a data-driven notification mechanism to handle physical failures between edge sites and their providers, and a light-weight public-key distribution mechanism for cryptographic protection of control messages. APT can be deployed with little to no new hardware, and is explicitly designed for incremental deployment. According to the trace-driven evaluation, APT incurs minimal delay on no more than 0.8% of all packets.