BEDA: Button-Enabled Device Association

Secure initial pairing of electronic gadgets is a challenging problem because of the usual lack of a common security infrastructure and the threat of so-called Man-in-The-Middle (MiTM) attacks, whereby an attacker inserts itself into the pairing protocol by impersonating one of the legitimate parties. A number of interesting techniques have been proposed, all of which involve the user in the pairing process. However, they are inapplicable to many common scenarios where devices to-be-paired do not possess required interfaces, such as displays, speakers, cameras or microphones