Black Hole Attack Prevention in Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Certificate Chaining

Security in wireless ad-hoc networks is a complex issue. The wireless and dynamic nature of ad-hoc networks makes them more vulnerable to security attacks when compared with fixed networks. The existing routing protocols are optimized to perform the routing process without considering the security problem. Black hole attack is one of the routing attacks in which, a malicious node uses the routing protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept.