Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges

This paper examines the challenges in designing such systems, and in particular raises the question of whether today's computing and networking technologies provide an adequate foundation for CPS. It concludes that it will not be sufficient to improve design processes, raise the level of abstraction, or verify (formally or otherwise) designs that are built on today's abstractions. To realize the full potential of CPS, the authors will have to rebuild computing and networking abstractions. These abstractions will have to embrace physical dynamics and computation in a unified way.