Distributed and Cooperative Localization Algorithms for WSNs in GPS-Less Environments

Now-a-days, one of the most representative and vibrant examples of networked embedded systems is represented by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). For many WSNs applications, it is well-known that the determination of the node's location is of prime importance. Moreover, for WSNs the most popular solution for localization, i.e., the GPS-aided (Global Positioning System) one, is unanimously considered as not realistic because WSN nodes are supposed to operate at low-complexity and low-power consumptions. The aim of this paper is to outline some of the advanced solutions to address the problem of WSN's localization in the so-called GPS-less environments.