Distributed Computing Architecture for Dynamic / Heterogeneous / Distributed Software Applications

Evolution of document browsers, middleware like web-servers, application servers and "Virtual Machines" enabled cross-platform deployment capability and centralized management of applications, leading to "Thin client and server centric" computing architectures. Simultaneously, application development methodologies shifted from structured to object-oriented programming systems. Scripting languages become predominant, co-existing with 'whole-compilation' languages, each having their own pros and cons. Application delivery models improved "Server-centric" computing significantly with "Plug-in" architectures and "Online" updates. Increased use of applications in business created widespread use of servers and desktops working on disparate operating systems and varied storage capacities. Clusters, Storage Area Networks and similar middleware evolved to virtualize devices.