EM3A: Efficient Mutual Multi-Hop Mobile Authentication Scheme for PMIP Networks

Mobile wireless networks are envisioned to support multi-hop communications, in which intermediate nodes help to relay packets between two peers in the network. Therefore, in infrastructure-connected multi-hop mobile networks, such as the one presented. The connection from the Mobile Node (MN) to the point of attachment may traverse multiple hops. The reasons for relaying packets in infrastructure connected mobile networks are twofold: direct connection to the infrastructure may not always be available; and relay nodes may obtain benefits, in the form of credits or rewards, from offering their services as temporary relays.