From Transactional to Transcendental: Toward an Integrated Theory of Leadership

This paper explores the spiritual dimensions of leadership by setting forth a theory that both integrates and extends the transactional and transformational theories of leadership. Specifically, the authors' proposes that the transcendental theory of leadership set forth in the paper comprises three dimensions of spirituality (consciousness, moral character, and faith) that incorporate the managerial aspects of transactional theory and the charismatic aspects of transformational theory to enhance leader effectiveness.