Not All Microseconds Are Equal: Fine-Grained Per-Flow Measurements With Reference Latency Interpolation

New applications such as algorithmic trading and high-performance computing require extremely low latency (in microseconds). Network operators today lack sufficient fine-grain measurement tools to detect, localize and repair performance anomalies and delay spikes that cause application SLA violations. A recently proposed solution called LDA provides a scalable way to obtain latency, but only provides aggregate measurements. However, debugging application specific problems requires per-flow measurements, since different flows may exhibit significantly different characteristics even when they are traversing the same link.