Optimum Design of a Probe Fed Dual Frequency Patch Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm

Patch antennas are used in many communication systems as they are compact, have low profile and their manufacturing costs are reduced by using printed circuit technology. The main disadvantage of these types of antennas is that they have narrow bandwidth and hence current research has concentrated on different techniques to improve the bandwidth so that they can be used in a variety of communication systems. The alternative approach to increasing the bandwidth is to design the antenna so that it can operate in different bands or at least in dual mode with different polarisations so that the same unit can be used in different communication systems. Dual band patch antennas can be obtained using slots, stacked patches and shorting pins.