Oriented Void Avoidance Scheme for Real-Time Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

To avoid the negative impact of void areas on real-time routing efficiency, the authors propose in this paper an oriented void avoidance scheme for wireless sensor networks. To select the forwarding region around a void (either clockwise or anticlockwise), the proposed scheme is guided by the target location with respect to the center of the void. The authors' scheme uses the right-hand rule to discover boundary nodes of the void and geometric formulas to obtain the forwarding region of a sender node located at 1-hop near the void. This node reduces its set of forwarding candidate nodes according to its already obtained forwarding region. Proposed approach is simple to implement, economic and could incorporate various other optimizations studies.