Resistant TIK-Based EndairA Against the Tunneling Attack

DSR is one of the first routing algorithms proposed to operate in ad hoc networks. Several secure ondemand ad hoc routing protocols have been proposed based on DSR. endairA is one of the most secure ones and provides several defense mechanisms against so many types of attacks. In this paper, the authors improve endairA's performance in terms of processing delays of intermediate nodes by the application of TIK authentication protocol instead of digital signatures to authenticate the nodes. They also incorporate their novel tunneling prevention mechanism into this modified version of endairA to defend it against the tunneling attack. Their proposed mechanism utilizes the delays between receiving and sending control packets of endairA computed locally by all intermediate nodes.