More chilling genius from Charles Stross:
“Our civilization runs on a
much slimmer margin than most of us realize. As a
cost-saving measure, the corporate policy of the past three
decades has been to abolish warehouses and stockpiles wherever
possible and to use information technology to streamline
logistical processes. If you go to Apple or Dell’s web site
and order a computer (or if you go to your local Ford
dealership for a car), you may think you’ve bought one and
it’s being delivered — but in practice, the computer (or
car) doesn’t exist yet; what happens is, your order triggers
a series of cascading requistions for parts, almost all the way
down to the factory in Taiwan that makes the resin the
chips are embedded in, and those parts are shipped to
factories and assembled, and the assemblies are shipped to a
final factory for final assembly and packaging, and the
package is shipped to your door (or the car dealership) via
a packet-switched network of considerable complexity.
“Stockpiles represent capital that is locked up, not in
motion generating wealth. If you minimize your stockpiles of
parts (or oil, or pork bellies, or whatever) you can make
your investment capital work more efficiently. But
efficiency is the enemy of flexibility. If your computer
factory works the old-fashioned way, building boxes on a
production line and warehousing them until someone buys them,
then a hiccup in the supply of some vital widget won’t stop
the company selling computers — it’ll just cause the
stockpile to drop. In contrast, a just-in-time system stalls
instantly if just one critical component becomes
unavailable.
“There’s an added twist to consider: our high-tech consumer
gadgets are deflationary. Their value drops rapidly from the
moment they’re manufactured. Two years ago, a 42″ plasma TV
would have set me back £3500-5000; today, I can buy one
(if I want) for £1000-1800. If you do
stockpile goods, the stockpile is not merely an inefficient
use of capital — it’s a drain on your profits.
“The consequence of this is that high-tech businesses
mediated by the internet (Amazon.com is the classic example)
are far more brittle and vulnerable to external disruption
than their old-fashioned predecessors.
“Oil is the obvious choke-point. We need oil to power our
transport infrastructure — all the delivery vans that bring
supplies to our neighbourhood shops, or our doorsteps. We
also use oil to deliver oil — to filling stations, to
refineries via supertanker — and if the pipeline stalls,
not only does the oil become expensive but, by and by, the
means of delivering the oil becomes inaccessible.
“I need to go and read some more on the collapse of complex
civilizations. But here’s a parting thought: these brittle
networks propagate the side-effects whenever a single node
breaks down. It may be that some time in the future, the US
economy is brought low not by a hurricane in the Gulf taking
out domestic oil refinery capacity — but by a typhoon in
the Pacific damaging some unmapped critical dependency in
the supply paths used by the world’s largest companies to
keep their pipelines moving. Simply making the USA — or the
EU — self-sufficient in energy supplies isn’t enough; to
address the problem, we need to wean ourselves off the cult
of efficiency at the expense of resilience.”