Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a label based switching technique initiated by Internet Engineering Task Force to bring the speed of layer 2 switching to layer 3. Its label based switching technique allows routers to make the forwarding decision based on the contents of label instead of performing a complex route lookup table. Furthermore it ...

Common cryptographic methods, especially Public Key Crypto Systems, PKCS based on difficulty to factor large integers or to compute the discrete logarithm, commonly deployed today will not resist attacks using quantum computers once these are operational. However, there are alternatives like hash based digital signature schemes, lattice based cryptography, or multivariate-quadratic-equations public-key cryptography. Here, the ...