In this paper, the authors focuses on performance evaluation of reactive, proactive and hybrid MANET (Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) routing protocols, namely AODV, DSR, OLSR and GRP. OLSR is designed to work in a completely distributed manner and does not depend on any central entity. The AODV (Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector) protocol consists of ...

The mobile phone has become one of the most popular products amongst today’s consumers. Mobile applications or mobile apps are applications developed for small handheld devices, such as mobile phones, Smartphones, PDAs and so on. Mobile apps can come preloaded on the handheld device as well as can be downloaded by users from app stores ...

Low-rate Denial of Service (LDoS) attacks sends the sequence of periodic pulse which are low rate, when it is aggregated there will be a huge loss at the victim end. LDoS attack flows low rate of scaling function and hiding information for long duration. LDoS attacks severely degrade the availability of a victim, which can ...

Mobile ad-hoc networks are infrastructure-less networks used for communication between two or more nodes without a common access point. It is a collection of nodes that is connected through a wireless medium forming changing topologies. In mobile ad-hoc networks all the nodes are mobile in nature and having limited battery charge. Continuous change in position ...

Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a continuously self-configuring infrastructure fewer networks of mobile devices connected without wires. Each device in a MANETs is free to move independently in any direction and in therefore change its link to any other devices frequently. Each must forward traffic unrelated to its own use and therefore be a router. ...

WiMAX means Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access. It is the wireless technology and enhancement of 802.16 standards. The forum describes WiMAX as “A standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL”. WiMAX has many salient advantages such as: high data rates, quality of service, scalability, ...

The most common type of computer authentication is using alphanumeric characters. This paper has significant drawbacks as users tend to pick passwords that are easy to guess. To overcome this problem, some researchers have developed authentication methods that use images as passwords which are known as graphical password. Using graphical password, users click on images ...

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is infrastructure-less network where nodes communicate with each other without any centralized administration. MANETs are prone to various kinds of security attacks due to its nature as mobile and open media. Blackhole and grayhole are one of them. The impact of both attacks is most drastic. In both attacks, ...

Clustering is an effective and practical way to enhance the system performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In WSNs, it is highly a difficult task to achieve secure data transmission. In existing system, some of the protocols such as SecLEACH, GS-LEACH and RLEACH were used, but orphan node problem exists. Thus by using these protocols, ...

Message authentication is one of the most effective ways to thwart unauthorized and corrupted messages from being forwarded in wireless networks. For this reason, many message authentication schemes have been developed, based on either symmetric-key cryptosystems or public key cryptosystems. Most of them, however, have the limitations of high computational and communication overhead in addition ...