Black box

Since you've used "Evidence" in your question, that implies gathering information to determine criminal behavior. If that, then chances are you've come to the attention of "Law Enforcement" [very broad definition including local, state federal and military]. If so absolutely Yes , though "black box" may be a misnomer.

Your ISP can "track" your internet usage [no matter if you use IP spoofing, NAT, mirror through someone else's system, bounce around domains, cloning MAC addresses, cloning accounts, and so forth if it so chooses to do so [With the invaluable help of the telephone company [though the expense is considerable]. One way to prevent spying eyes is to use high level encryption and a public computer [or one stolen]. Though if you've come to the attention of "law enforcement", then chances are your being observed and monitored so they probably know you've stolen a computer or use a public computer and will monitor your TCP/IP transmissions via the telephone line to copy yourpackets. You could try to be creative and use Satellite but again, tracking signals be it telephone, microwave, satellite, or "other" [and signal processing] is something our government [especially our military] does very well. But again, for you tocome under such scrutiny, and demand the expense of tracking, then one must have done something very naughty.

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