Your security risks are about the same. Yes, many DSL providers use dynamic IPs, but many cable providers do also. Regardless, your particular IP address may only change if your computer is off for an extended period of time (longer than the IP lease life set by the ISP-usually 24 hours), or if the provider does a wholesale IP address change on a regular basis (most providers don't).
The bottom line is that you still have a 24x7 open connection to the Internet with either cable or DSL. Ifyou leave your computer on all the time, you will be always connected and thus susceptible to hacking risks. Your best bet is to employ either a hardware or software firewall if you value the privacy of the data on your computer.
While it might be technically possible to employ a sniffer on a cable segment, the person attempting to do so would need direct access to the either the cable trunk line (in which case he would need to weed out your particular data packets from the millions of others on the line), or direct access to your particular cable connection. The same could be done with a DSL or phone connection.
Hope this answers some of your questions.