Use "net config server /hidden:NO" to make sure the machines aren't hidden. Then make sure they are ALL in the same GROUP/DOMAIN under the "control panel -network"
The second problem with elections is NOT a problem, it is a known "thing" that happens on networks with the browser enabled, completely normal although a bit disconserting.
If you have one machine that is ON all the time and can act as the server then you can use the registry to make it 'Master browser'.
The key;
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet
\Services\Browser\Parameters
\MaintainServerList
and
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet
\Services\Browser\Parameters
\IsDomainMaster
can be set to accomplish this.
Browsing is not connected to sharing of devices. It is not required to have browsing enabled to share a device, you just won't be able to 'point and click' your way to the share. You can still type the computer-name and share-name into the connection whether that be a network drive connection or printer connection. (\\computername\sharename)