Well as the old XP is no longer supported by MS I would install SP2 and patch the system. It could be one of the last patches applied which is causing he problem or the DVD Drive could be going bad.
First thing that I would try is Flashing the BIOS to the latest available and then installing SP2 for XP and then if still no joy change the IDE Cable if that still does nothing change the DVD ROM Drive and that should cure any problems.
Many years ago I had a problem P4 that wouldn't accept SP1 and it turned out to be a faulty DVD ROM. It worked perfectly on XP and on 98 or Y2K but refused to work with XP SP1 it was most likely a Firmware issue but I've never used Samsung DVD Drives since.
Col