Westeren Digital Data Life Guard Diagnostics is available here
http://support.wdc.com/product/download.asp?groupid=502&lang=en
Seatools for Seagate is available here
http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=seatooldreg&vgnextoid=480bd20cacdec010VgnVCM100000dd04090aRCRD
And Samsung Utility ES Tool is available here
http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/support/utilities/Support_DiskManager.html
As stated above download these 3 utilities and test the drive that it works with to confirm correct Function. If a Drive is on it's way to [b]Silicon Heaven[/b] it can cause screwy problems like the one you have described here.
Also check your M'Board Manual for the correct Placement of SATA Connectors on the M'Board. Some ASUS M'Boards have a paired set of SATA Connectors to use as a RAID Array and when you connect different drives to these they can cause them to disappear.
Also check your BIOS to make sure that the SATA Setting isn't set to RAID as this can cause a SATA Drive to disappear as it's being used in some sort of RAID Array and is no bigger than the smallest drive in that Array.
If the HDD fails the test remove it and retest in another computer. If it still fails the test it's gone or is on it's way to [b]Silicon Heaven[/b] but if it passes the Second Test the Power Supply, Data Lead or M'Board in your computer needs attention so that the computer can work correctly.
If you no longer have your M'Board manual you can download it from ASUS here
http://support.asus.com/download/download.aspx?SLanguage=en-us
Just enter the Model Number and select Manual from the Drop Down list below the Model Number and then click on Search.
If your ASUS M'Board is a [b]Special[/b] made for a company like HP, Dell or so on then you need to go to that Companies Web Site for the M'Board/System Manual as ASUS doesn't support these Specials.
Col
[i]edited for clarity I hope.[/i] ;)