With all the barcode scanners we use here, they connect using the PS/2 Keyboard Wedge, which I'm guessing is what you are using (the keyboard and scanner join in a "Y" and connect to the PS/2 Port on the PC). If that's the case, then all the barcode scanner is doing is sending ASCII Text as if they keyboard were typing it.
With that said, all you need to do in your VB Application is have a text box on your form that has focus when you scan. The text should go straight to the text box. Typically, the last character sent by the scanner is a Return character, so in your text box's KeyDown event, check if KeyAscii = vbReturn. If it does, do your lookup or whatever you're needing to do using the value from the barcode/textbox.
Also, the scanners we have need to be configured to properly use the type of keyboard you are using. Your scanner should have come with a user's manual that has setup / configuration barcodes in it. There should be one that is for your type of keyboard. We use the "PS/2 models 25 and 30".
Hope that helps you out!