Here is an example of when someone would receive this message:
John logs into ftp.ipswitch.com and goes to the directory /Ipswitch/Product_Downloads
In this directory John sees a list of files for users to download. If John selects a file from his local system and tries to upload it to this directory he will receive the 550 permission denied message because he does not have rights to upload to this directory. John has read and list permissions only. In order to upload John needs write permission. He could contact the system administrator to ask for write permission on the server.