Physical VLAN setup?

Hi I understand VLANs and the logical setup, benefits etc. but I have a query regarding the physical setup that I hope someone can clear up.

example:
1 48 port switch setup in 3 VLAN's

Lets say that VLAN1 is set on ports 1-10

VLAN2 - Ports 11 - 20

VLAN 3 - all remaining ports.

Now my question:
Do I phyiscally have to patch a user in VLAN2 into one of the physical ports on the switch set for VLAN2?

if so how is this managed for large campus deployments as I would imagine keeping track of ports, VLANs and users can get tricky to manage.

Ian