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How does an ECHO server transfer data?

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by samuelfisher2000

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I am just starting to learn about networking and am looking for a detailed explanation as to how an ECHO server receives and returns data with a client. Assuming that a TCP connection is used I would like a detailed description from the start of the"threeway handshake" to the close of the connection. The network layout is my system to my gateway to a remote gateway to a remote system. Please explain the role played by TCP Segments, IP Datagrams, Ethernet Frames, DNS, ARP, Routing, Encapsulation. Just give me an example using short segment of data. How would this compare to the same transfer with a UDP connection? Do you have any suggestions for books on the subject that give a concise to the point explanation?

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by mshavrov

If you really want to work in Networking, consider taking Network+ or CCNA course. This will give you pretty clear explanation of all networking definitions and technologies.

ECHO - part of ICMP protocol. for example, when you use "ping" command,it sends "echo" request and receives "echi-reply".

TCP - connection oriented protocol. It means that to transfer data your system should establish connection. Each data transfer will be confirmed, what makes this protocol reliable. Each unconfirmed transaction will be re-requested.

UDP - connectionless oriented protocol. It means that sender does not care and does not receives confirmation that data were arrived to destination. It's unreliable protocol.

IP datagram - one of the instance of your data during transmission. Youe actual data have several "transformation" before they will be physically transfered through wire. Each step adds it's own "header" and "footer", which allow system to identify data at receiving end.

DNS - Domain Name System. It's just conversion from "human-readable" addresses (for example, www.yahoo.com) to network IP address (for example 212.0.1.2).

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol - resolves MAC addresses (physical address) from IP address (network address).

Routing - process of transfering packet from one network to another.

Encapsulation - transfering one protocol (for example, IPX) within another protocol (for example, IP). In this case whole IPX packet is treated as data and transfered using IP protocol.

Good luck in study.

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