‘Un-supportive bosses

Does anyone have a suggestion for the best way to handle a person in a position of authority, who sabotages your work?
I had a situation like this happen to me some years back. I was summarily fired for something my boss did which not only cost me a job, but cost the company a client, at the same time.
Poetic justice reigns, as he was found out a couple of years later, trying to pull the same garbage. So much for company Loyalty!
I just wanted to know how many of the folks out there have experienced this sort of thing, and what they did about it.