This sounds like a boot sector virus.
If you transfer files from the laptop to a PC, you are only going to end up with a Virus infected, non functioning PC.
The first thing to do is to find out what is wrong.
I would start by running Antivirus Software from a floppy.
If there is no virus found, run a different manufacturer Antivirus program, to be sure.
If still not found, it is time for data recovery software.
Your laptop is new enough, that the hard drive should not be bad, yet.
Was the laptop dropped, when it was booting?
The other obvious technical question is, what was done last, before the problem occurred?
And, yes, to answer the original question.
Most backup and recovery programs can run under DOS, and a crossover ethernet cable is about $4.
Regards, Chris