You know you don't have a "CurrentDB" in Excel.. you have to connect to the database using either a DSN or by specifying the connection string.
You need to add a reference to either DAO, RDO or ADO.
Since you have previously been using DAO you might find it easier to keep using it. Personally, I think ADO is way simpler to use.
You can't use the DoCmd object outside Access. With DAO, you need to create a reference to your database by using the Workspace object's OpenDatabase method. You can then run SQL queries with the Database object's OpenRecordset method.
If you only need to retrieve data from a database to an Excel sheet, try Data | External Data | Create new query. This will open the MS Query window, allow you to connect to your db, write your SQL statement and return the data to your spreadsheet (provided you have MS Query installed).
You can refresh the data at any time with a click of a button, and it's fairly easy to manipulate the SQL sentence dynamically with VBA. Just make sure you use full UNC paths in case your source db is in the network and you want to make sure all users can access it, regardless of their network drive letter mappings.
And yes, you can even query an Excel sheet using SQL, just use the appropriate driver in your connection string. But there ARE easier ways of displaying only the data matching your criteria..