Thats what busineses use Windows Server for. To identify the users on the network and control the access permsissions of those users. When a computer is joined to the Windows Network (DOMAIN) they are being told to let the server be the boss overwho is allowed to do what.
You do not have a server. So you haveto tell your computer who the different users are that will be accessing your computer. You do that by creating user accounts for each of them, ON YOUR COMPUTER. THis becomes the list of recognised users for your computer to reference when granting access.
When the other users access your computer they are proptedto provide theri username and password. This is the username and password you add ON YOUR COMPUTER.
The simplest configuration is to make the username and password for the accounts on your computer the same as the username and password that each user is using ON THEIR OWN COMPUTER.
If they are the same the access bvecomes transparent.
When they access the share , your computer promtps "Who are you?" (What is your Username and Password) The other computer responds with the information and YOUR computer checks it against the information stored in the user accounts ON YOUR MACHINE.
If they match access is granted. The type if access is then controlled throguh the security permissions.