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What is Virtualisation?

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I was recommended to download VMWare, which I did. I subsequently uninstalled it because it doesn't tell me what it is - at least not in any way that I can recognise/understand. They keep sending me nice emails hoping I'm getting on with it (VM converter, virtual server etc.) and I thought I would try to find out something.

I looked up Wikipedia and got this page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualisation. This tells me zero - just a lot of choices I do not recognise/understand except disk partitioning, which I do not understand but at least know how to use!

How can a computer be "virtual"? Either it's there or it isn't. Something has to work the numbers and store the stuff and so on.

Can anyone point me to a site that explains this in normal language?

Thanks

Paul

26 replies

by rob miners

Full virtualization, in computer science, is a virtualization technique used to implement a certain kind of virtual machine environment: one that provides a complete simulation of the underlying hardware. The result is a system in which all software capable of execution on the raw hardware can be run in the virtual machine. In particular, this includes all operating systems.

It simply means that you can create an environment that is similar to useing your normal PC. It is a PC within a PC. This is created by creating a Virtual PC (Machine) which really is a file on your Hard Drive that acts like a hard Drive and you can install an Operating System to that File (Machine). You run it in a Virtual environment. I have found that Virtual PC 2007 is easier to use than VMWare. Useing Remote Access is similar as you are controlling another PC from the PC.

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by var1016

I don't see the connexion here, but this is interesting: is Scandisk running in XP there? I ask because I do not appear to have Scandisk on my computers.

And how do you post a picture on this forum?

Best

Paul

by california dead head

Virtualization is taking a single computer (the hardware)and installing more than 1 copy of an operating. So let's say I have only 1 server and want to run a web server and an email server. I can install VMware and then running that program can put in say the Linux install disk and install Linux "Virtually" and then name the install Virtual1 for example and then install Microsoft Exchange on a different virtual server. So 1 computer can run both Linux and Windows and be a web server and a email server. The 2 virtual servers are managed by the VM ware software. Normally you could never install Linux and Exchange on a single computer. For a PC you could install XP and Vista and Apple OS on a single computer so you can run XP and Vista at the same time and switch with just a keystroke. You need alot of RAM though.

by var1016

Thanks Rob and Mr Dead Head for your trouble in trying to answer my question. But I still don't understand this.

A while ago, I ran XP Pro and XP home on partitions on the same computer. Now I do not see that this was virtual: they were "there"! I could choose Pro or Home, just as I can now choose either of my computers via Remote Desktop, or as I can choose, Firefox, IE or Chrome, Word or Excel.

I cannot see how this is "virtual"!

Thanks again,

Paul

by thumbsup2

The way you had XP Pro/Home previously was called dual boot. You could select which OS to boot into. But, you could only access one at a time without a reboot. Virtualization creates a "virtual" place within one OS where you can play all you want to play, then turn it off when you're done. No reboot is necessary.

Think of it this way. You can put on one pair of glasses and see the world as it really is. Or, you can put on a pair of virtual goggles and see the world how you (or the programmer) want it to be.

What you see in a virtual world isn't real. It's a simulation. So, you can do anything you want to do without hurting any body or any thing.

What you see in a virtual PC isn't real. It's a simulation. So, you can do anything you want to do if the OS will allow it. If you hurt any thing, so what. You simply blow away the virtual PC and start a new one.

by var1016

Thank you,

I had got the idea that if I had two operating systems on partitions, this was virtual; obviously not.

I still don't understand this though - I cannot understand how something can be "there" but isn't!

Sorry to be so thick, but this abstract stuff is very puzzling.

Paul

by thumbsup2

... Error Checking. If you right click drive C and choose properties, then go to the tools tab, you'll see it there.

by rob miners

I thought that everyone had used Windows 98. That photo is of my XP PC running Windows 98 in a Virtual PC. A lot of the old timers here would be familiar with that screen.

What you are refering to is Dual Booting using two Physical Hard Drives or Partitions.

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by var1016

Hello.

I started with Windows 3.1. My first computer had, I think Win 95. I still have a Win 98 installation disk but couldn't remember what it looked like!

Paul

by thumbsup2

You said: "I cannot understand how something can be "there" but isn't!"

It really IS there. The primary OS ignores the fact that it's there because it's operating within the VM software environment, effectively being cloaked. The same happens when you're running within the VM environment. The virtual OS can't see outside of the VM environment. It doesn't know the primary OS is present.

So, you can think of the VM software as an envelope. What is outside of it can not see what is inside. What is inside can not see what is outside. Neither the outside or the inside are aware of each other. But, the VM software is aware of both.

by var1016

Thanks for that.

Now then the next question is "why?" Why would I want this, when I can partition my hard drive and run something else? I see I could run two operating systems sort of simultaneously, but I suppose this is for programmers/developers or some such. I was pointed to VMWare when I had problems trying to get remote desktop to work, but I don't see what this virtual business has to do with any of that.

Best wishes,
Paul

by tonythetiger

is probably server consolidation (each virtual server replaces a real one) but it could be used as a terminal server... where each client gets a unique environment... and yes, it obviously would be useful as a test environment.

by thumbsup2

If you remember correctly, you were trying to get two computers to run off of one monitor/keyboard/mouse and were having trouble understanding what a KVM switch (Keyboard/Video/Mouse) could do for you or how to install/use it. Since you were unable to get a KVM to work, someone had suggested you try Remote Desktop which wouldn't work because you didn't have room for a 2nd monitor/keyboard/mouse. It was at about that time someone suggested VMWare. Personally, I don't think this would solve your "space" problem because, without a KVM, it would still require a 2nd monitor/keyboard/mouse hooked to the 2nd computer so you could log into the "virtual" machine created on the first computer and control the 2nd computer from there.

So, you're mixing and matching parts and pieces of different problems trying to make sense out of it all and you're confused.

Go back to the KVM solution. Buy a KVM switch, hook both computers to it, boot each machine viewing them on one monitor as you log in, set up your network properly on both so you can see each machine from the other, THEN, either use remote desktop from the first computer to control the 2nd computer, or just share folders on the 2nd computer that you need access to their data.

by var1016

Thank you for persisting with this - and I am
very impressed that you remembered my earlier
problems.

Right now I have the two computers working
pretty well as I wanted them to.

Remote desktop works as does "my network
places" all via a cross-over cable.
Sometimes I have to log in on the second
computer before I can connect to it remotely,
and sometimes not! I have bought a cheap VGA
switch for use when either I have to log in
(spare keyboard stays on floor) or each week
when my IP address changes itself (that is
the IP address of the second computer). Then
I run CMD and ipconfig /all to get the
necessary information and after that Remote
log in remembers it - excellent.

I have to say I am very pleased with remote
desktop, so I have to offer another big thank
you to G-Man who came up with the solution to
make it work.

I would genuinely like to understand VMWare
etc. but frankly I think it's beyond me at
present!
Thanks and best wishes

Paul

by oh smeg

When you run a OS inside a OS virtually it removes a lot of issues that you would otherwise need to address. As the Virtual OS has no direct contact with the hardware it only sort of works with the running OS which to the Virtual OS is the hardware. The Virtual OS is Isolated from the Hardware and has no direct contact and doesn't need direct access to it's own individual HDD partition or space in RAM.

It effectively tot he Hardware and everything around it becomes nothing more than a running application within a program in this case VM Ware. The actual Partition Created isn't [b]Real[/b] it only exists within the confines of the Software that it runs on. A Real OS has direct control over the Hardware that it runs on but a Virtual OS doesn't have this control as it never actually has direct contact with the Hardware what it thinks is the hardware is nothing more than code running within a Application that fools the OS into thinking that it is actually controlling something. The role of a OS is to provide an Environment to allow some for of work to be done be that play games run a Giant Data Base or whatever the OS allows the application to run but in the case of a Virtual Environment the OS doesn't even do this all it actually controls is nothing it's only interfacing with some cleaver programing that it thinks is Hardware.

So maybe thinking of things this way is that a Virtual Environment is a way to Fool a Operating System into thinking that it's actually controlling something when it's not. In the case of a Dual Boot Option all the Installed OS's are actually controlling the Hardware when they are running when not in use they are shut down and not running but in a Virtual Environment all Installed OS that are started are running all of the time.

I hope that is of some assistance to help you understand. And yes I know it's as [b]Clear as Mud.[/b] :D

Col

by oh smeg

A Virtual OS is one that runs inside another and has not direct connection or control of the Hardware.

It runs in a Virtual World and only thinks that it is controlling anything.

This allows Software than normally could not be run to be used on Incompatible Hardware because there is no direct connection between the OS, Software and Hardware only the OS and Software work together but the entire process allows things that normally can not work to work.

Or another way of looking at it is that it allows a Dangerous thing to be done which could result in the destruction of the OS itself to be done without any risk of stopping the real computer running. It allows things to be done that normally can not or are too dangerous to do to be done safely.

Sorry but I don't know how to make it any simpler than that. :(

Col

by older mycroft

Think of the situation in terms of Emulation.

That is at least a word that can be thought of in terms of REAL LIFE. If you were to see someone doing something that you thought was impressive or looked like being fun - you could attempt to 'emulate' their approach to the thing they were doing.

In computing terms, emulators abound (if you are interested in them and bother looking for them).

If you were to travel back in time, almost 30 years ago, computers were in their infancy as far as the domestic variety were concerned. The first domestic computers available to the average punter were things like the beasties that came out of the Sinclair factory in the UK, and the Commodore output from America.

If you were to try and play with, let alone find, a Sinclair Spectrum 48K or a Commodore 64, you might have your work cut out. You can however, run Spectrum and C64 emulators on a modern PC. Once the emulator is running, you can then load the Spectrum or C64 program into the emulator and play the game.

In terms of compatibility, you cannot run a Spectrum 48K program or a Commodore 64 program on a PC, but the emulator will allow it. So the emulator fools the program into thinking it is actually running on a Spectrum 48K or a Commodore 64.

If you were to push the program too far, or interfere with its code (using Peeks & Pokes) you would obviously damage the program, but ONLY inside the emulator - because the PC is kidding on that it is another machine.

The enxt time you start the Speccy or C64 emulator, everything is back to normal because strictly speaking neither of them actually exist - they are VIRTUAL.

The same goes for running older versions of PCs. Instead of hunting far and wide for a PC equipped with an 80286 processor so that you can fire up MS-DOS 4.2, then run a DOS program on it - you simply run VMM and create a virtual 80286-machine, complete with MS-DOS 4.2 mounted on its own virtual hard drive.

If anything goes wrong, even if you get online with it and get a virus infection, it doesn't matter - because the 80286 PC doesn't actually exist - it is also virtual, just like the Speccy or the C64.

'Virtual' is more a buzzword (and a hindrance when trying to understand it) - 'Emulator' is far easier to understand and basically exactly the same thing. :)

by var1016

Thanks OM. The concept of emulation does
help a little.

Tell me, suppose for example I wanted to run
XP Home inside my XP Pro set up -
"virtually". Would I have to install the OS
as I would with a clean computer, or have I
again missed the point?

Paul

by older mycroft

You would create a virtual space for the PC inside the PC (horrible description but nevertheless accurate).

When you run the VMM software, you designate a portion of your ACTUAL hard drive that will be set aside for use by the VMM. Within that designated space (you now have to think of the virtual system) the virtual system will exist.

Imagine you had 5 balloons with each inside the next except you were able to inflate them in reverse order. So you inflate the big balloon that is the one you can see, then you inflate the next one down which is inside the big one, then inflate the next one down that is inside the one that is inside the big one. And so on down the line of balloons. Just like those little Russian wooden dolls.

Back to the hard drive: VMM has designated an area of hard drive space for your virtual PC. Your virtual PC has access to your CD/DVD drive, your floppy, and it has its own hard drive (which is a bit of the space that VMM allocated for the Virtual-PC.

With the Virtual-PC on your screen, you install XP-Home just as you would normally, except it is only available for use by the virtual system. Each of the Russian dolls contains air that is inside that doll only!

Even when the doll is inside another doll, the air in each doll is specific to that doll, not the doll that the doll is inside.

Biggest doll is A, smaller doll is B, even smaller doll is C.

The air inside doll C, belongs to doll C even although doll C is inside doll B which in turn is inside doll A. Get It ??

So the hard drive that your virtual XP-Home is installed on, belongs to the vitual PC which exists inside your own bigger PC. But your bigger PC can't access the reserved space because it only exists inside the virtual PC.

Whew - I'm in serious need of a stiff drink! :)

by rob miners

that each Virtual PC that you create is using up your Hard Drive space. If you allocate 1GB to a win98 Virtual PC you will lose 1GB of hard Drive space. If you install XP you will have to make a bigger Virtual Drive to accomodate it. I really dont think that you need to go down this track Paul.

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by var1016

Thanks Rob.

As I wrote in my reply to Old Mycroft, I am
quite reassured that this sort of thing
actually uses resources!

As you say, I don't need to use this - I
cannot see any application - as I have no
programming skills, cannot design/construct a
website and HTML is a closed book!

But at least now I have an idea about
virtualisation.

Best wishes

Paul

by rob miners

you learn something new every day. ;) and you are right it does use resources and you need a bit of RAM. ;)

by var1016

Thanks for that.

For me it was reassuring that one does have
to install the OS into the virtual computer
and also that it really uses real resources.

I cannot see an application for it, but at
least now I have an idea.

Paul

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