The error message suggests that Windows was trying to boot from a HD. Your BIOS may not list the HD in Primary (or Secondary) IDE if your HD is a SATA.
I suggest you do a HD diagnostic test first.
If it fails, replace the HD and clean install Windows. If you need data recovery try the fist procedure below.
If the HD diagnostic test passes, try the first and then the second procedure below if necessary.
1. CHKDSK /R
Your Windows File System might have been corrupted. Because you do not have the original CD, you have to borrow a comparable CD (you have to match Retail, Upgrade, OEM, or Corp version), connect your HD to a Win2K or WinXP system, or use a third party software (ERD Commander or Bart PE, for example) to run the command.
2. System Restore
http://tinyurl.com/7ptt How to recover from a corrupted registry that prevents Windows XP from starting
This procedure assumes you had not turned off System Restore. If you had, do not try this.
This is basically to boot the computer to Windows that was originally setup. Once you boot to Windows, you make the System Restore points available and enable the Windows to boot the next time with the latest healthy Registry. This requires to use Recovery Console and therefore you must have a comparable Windows CD.
If you need more information, please add a comment.