the best information on long term CO2 figures is the GRIP Ice Core project in Greenland. That shows many incidents of higher levels of CO2 well in the past some during the past 2,000 years, the highest being hundreds of thousands of years ago. Humans aren't the only cause of CO2, and natural causes have been on the increase in recent decades too.
There are many causes of CO2, and many things that add to temperature changes.
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=3842
Has data on the sea water temperatures at the Sargasso sea, this shows rising temperatures 300 plus years, and also shows many similar rises in the past. the current temp is 23.75 deg C, the highest was just over 25 deg C 2,500 and 3,000 years ago. In fact, from about 2,700 years ago, the temp rose 2.75 deg c on just under 200 years - that certainly wasn't the industrial age doing that.
Looking at the graph, the current temp appears to be just below the overall average for the last 3,000 years.
In summary the web site is clear that there is a natural temperature rise occurring that has been going on at an almost steady rate for 300 years, when it was at the lowest it has been for 3,000 years. They do say that
"These results are exciting for a few reasons. First, events as young and as brief as the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period have never before been resolved in deep sea sediments from the open ocean. Because the Sargasso Sea has a rather uniform temperature and salinity distribution near the surface, it seems that these events must have had widespread climatic significance. The Sargasso Sea data indicate that the Medieval Warm Period may have actually been two events separated by 500 years, perhaps explaining why its timing and extent have been so controversial. Second, it is evident that the climate system has been warming for a few hundred years, and that it warmed even more from 1,700 years ago to 1,000 years ago. There is considerable discussion in the scientific literature and the popular press about the cause of warming during the present century. Warming of about half a degree this century has been attributed to the human-induced "greenhouse effect." Although this is not universally accepted, it is widely accepted that eventually changes to Earth's atmosphere will cause climate warming. The message from the Bermuda Rise is that human-induced warming may be occurring at the same time as natural warming?not an ideal situation. Finally, building on the studies of physical oceanographers and climatologists, marine geologists and paleoclimatologists may use the North Atlantic Oscillation as a model for understanding North Atlantic climate change on longer, century and millennial time scales."
Yet the graph does NOT show a sharp rise in the last 50 years - the line is more in line with a steady gradual rise since the Little Ice Age.