Personally i use 2 X 2 Gig Sticks and while the 32 Bit OS's can not use it all you get the best performance possible with a very little waste of money or at least buying what is not being used.
Depending on the OS in use here the most it can use is somewhere around 3.25 GIG but with Dual Chanel M'Boards you can not install that amount of RAM and keep the Board in Dual Chanel Mode so if you try anything else you are taking a Performance hit which seems counter productive to me at least.
I have set up hundreds of Customers with 4 GIG or RAM in their computers and never had a problem, even within the last month I got a customers ASUS NB that came standard with 1 GIG of RAM and replaced that with 2 X 2 GIG Sticks and he insisted that I had changed his computer with a different model because his was not that fast. When he first brought it over he was insistent that he wanted XP loaded as Vista was just too slow and it wouldn't play a DVD.
That particular NB took 25 Minutes to reboot from Windows to when Windows was open and usable and I was tearing my hair out trying to make it work better by optimizing the OS but it was a loosing battle. So when I spoke to it's owner his first comment was that I wanted to load XP didn't I? But when I just said no not at this point in time I just think that more RAM would be better so he went with that idea and is now ecstatic. Now it reboots in under 4 minutes.
As for Desktops with 4 RAM Slots you can fit 2 X 1 GIG Sticks and 2 X 512 MEG Sticks to give a total of 3 GIG but the OS can still support slightly more RAM and if you where to use a 1 GIG and a 512 MEG Stick in the remaining 2 slots to get somewhere near the Maximum RAM load that a 32 Bit OS can support you lock the system back to Single Chanel Mode and it's much slower. Personally with the cost of RAM these Days it's just easier to fit 2 X 2 GIG Sticks and let her rip. You'll not be disappointed in the slightest. ;)
If this is of any use with every new system that I supply now with a 32 Bit OS they go out with 4 GIG of RAM installed. I will not supply any new system with less these days, depending on the M'Board being used. I have supplied a couple of the Three Chanel Systems with a 32 Bit OS installed and these go out with 3 X 1 GIG RAM Kits fitted but they where all Stop Gap units where the owner was waiting for better 64 Bit Support and when they transfered to a 64 Bit OS they went with considerably more RAM and where more than happy with the results.
Col