Computer Name

The computer name is recorded in the system registry file.

It would be under hkey_local_machine\system\currentcontrolset

other than the above, anywhere else?

C:\ Hostname

Short answer is no. The systm name is hardcoded into the registry.

Easiest way Ive found is to open up a command prompt and hit %computername% or hostname and then hit enter.

It is everywhere in the registry - this is just a sampling since I am limited to 2000 characters:
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam]
@="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam\MUICache]
"RunAs"="VUSR_YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Shared Tools\Web Server Extensions]
"CheckedHostName"="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Syncmgr\AutoSync\YYYY-030881_xxxxxxx]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Syncmgr\AutoSync\YYYY-030881_xxxxxxx\LAN Connection]
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Print\Printers\,,XXXX,p1102a\DsSpooler]
"description"="YYYY-030881"
"uNCName"="\\\\YYYY-030881.XXXXxxxxx.org\\\\\\XXXX\\p1102a"
"shortServerName"="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Print\Printers\,,XXXX,p1102a\DsSpooler]
"description"="\\\\YYYY-030881.XXXXxxxxx.org\\\\\\XXXX\\p1102a"
"uNCName"="\\\\YYYY-030881.XXXXxxxxx.org\\\\\\XXXX\\p1102a"
"serverName"="YYYY-030881.XXXXxxxxx.org"
"shortServerName"="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Network Associates\ePolicy Orchestrator\Agent]
"ComputerName"="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Network Associates\TVD\Shared Components\On Access Scanner\McShield]
"szLastScanned"="C:\\Documents and Settings\\xxxxxxx\\My Documents\\YYYY-030881h.reg"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Novell\Workstation Manager\Identification]
"Last User"="YYYY-030881.WKS.CENTRAL.YYYY"
"Workstation Object"="CN=YYYY-030881.OU=WKS.OU=CENTRAL.O=YYYY"
"Registration Object"="1:,2d040f00:000d6071f7dc,45.4.15.36,YYYY-030881.XXXXxxxxx.org,YYYY-030881,YYYYNW10,WIN2000 (5.0 Service Pack 3),PENTIUM,00:0D:60:71:F7:DC"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\ComputerName\ActiveComputerName
"ComputerName"="YYYY-030881"
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\ComputerName\ComputerName]
"ComputerName"="YYYY-030881"

Press your Windows key + Pause/Break to go to your System applet. Or go to your control panel > System. Second tab is computer name. Click on it.

Out of all the answers thus far, no one has really answered your question!

The answer is YES, and the file is the registry, but we all know that you shouldn't refer to he registry as a file on the same system, and use extreme caution when using it.

HOWEVER, this is not to say you can't create a file with this information. IT departments do this all the time to facilitiate certain push technologies and support. No reason why you can't either. This can be automated on startup, and even forced if you tie it to a MAC address or user ID.

Hope this helps, good luck.