And you're mixing up issues.
The days when a manager was the most knowledgeable, competent, experienced person in the department are long gone. My father worked his way up from a low level clerk to department head, and he was expected to know everything there was to know about everything everyone in his department did and how to do it himself. That way, it was thought he could effectively manage the group and he could step in as a pinch hitter in the event anyone was absent.
Today, management is a science and a profession all by itself, and it is this concept that most people don't get (or don't want to). It is possible to be a professional manager, one who can assume a leadership role in any group no matter what they're actually doing and create a successful outcome. We now train managers to have a deep understanding of interpersonal dynamics, communication, strategy, organizational practices, situational leadership, and a host of other generic skills that are applicable across a wide swath.
You've apparently had the unfortunate experience of being exposed only to bad managers. These are people who think they need only issue orders and then sit back and relax, folks who spend most of their time playing politics rather than achieving results. It's depressing how many people I've personally observed who, once they've achieved a management position, think they've paid their dues and now can just retire on the job while their minions scurry about.
I know what you need to do, I just don't know what advice I can offer in terms of doing it. What you need is to find a good manager, someone who understands what management is all about and can act as a role model for you. This would be someone with superior communication skills, the ability to articulate and achieve a vision, provide constant feedback (not just at an annual performance review, but daily), watch your back and support your efforts, and provide you with whatever resources you need to get your job done. It's someone who understands what being a team player is all about, a person who is interested only in what lies ahead and how to achieve it rather than what's already happened so he/she can find and punish the perpetrators.
No one should have to live with a sword of Damocles hanging over their head. If you really believe that your manager will fire you no matter what you do, then you're on a suicide mission and you need to get out ASAP. Or, you need to examine what's going on and why, and as open-mindedly as possible. Is it my manager, or is it me? Or both? And what do I do about it?
You have a rather cynical view of managers, which even if it's coming from bitter experience doesn't need to be a self-perpetuating prophecy. Do you work for a large organization? Find out which managers are highly regarded and do whatever is necessary to get on their team. Do you work for a small company? Figure out if your situation is redeemable or not...if so, do something about it, and if not get out.