One of the early lessons in my supervisory career was that some people perform better and are happier with MORE structure. This was quite shocking to me personally when I first realized this. When I first accepted a supervisory position, I thought Ihad this magic supervision "key" that would fully unlock the potential of all employees by freeing them completely to do their work. This worked wonders for some people, but others had much difficulty and a second negative culture developed thinkingthings were "crazy", "unclear" and "unorganized" in their new state. We began to have a big separation between the people ecstatic about being free of the "Dilbert" style of working who were really doing some amazingly positive things and then the resentful contingent that seemed to be putting forth their energy to destroy whatever gains the team made. My first pathetic attempt was to get rid of the "negative people", but at the depth of me failing to understand what was happening, I had a lucid moment when I realized this was my fault as a supervisor. They weren't bad people, they just needed to know how to be productive, have it measured, and get good feedback. The lack of structure was destroying their ability to know where they were inthe process and work towards goals.
It's counterproductive to give people more freedom or structure than they are ready for, as you were saying, we all grow and learn over time and what structure is needed today does need revisited on an ongoing basis and changed as appropriate. Less is still definately more IMO with structure, but when it is needed, and useful to the employee, it is usually appreciated.
I think the word: "empower" was a great thing at the time, but it unfortunately sometimes meant people were getting dumped into impossible situations without the necessary resources, structure, or support to succeed.